ONIMIL, a forecaster for primary infection of downy mildew of onion <sup>1</sup>

Battilani, Paola; Rossi, Vittorio; Racca, P.; Giosuè, Simona

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1996.tb01499.x

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The environmental requirements for infection and sporulation by P. destructor have been reported (Yarwood 1937(Yarwood , 1943Hildebrand and Sutton 1982). Mathematical models describing climatic effects on sporulation and infection have been described (Gilles et al 2004;Battilani et al New approaches in forecasting diseases of onion crops based on estimation of spore numbers in air samples have been reported (Carisse et al 2005;Berger 1970). Detection and quantification of airborne spore numbers can be used to predict disease accurately before it is visible in the crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of detection systems for the sporangia of Peronospora destructor

Kennedy

Wakeham

2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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A monoclonal antibody that recognises components of the wall of sporangia of Peronospora destructor was raised. Tests using spores of higher fungi and other species of mildew demonstrated the specificity of the monoclonal. The antibody was used to develop lateral flow devices for sporangia of P. destructor. A competitive lateral flow format was developed which could detect onion downy mildew sporangia. Five-microliter gold anti-mouse IgM solution pre-mixed with 10 μl of P. destructor monoclonal antibody (EMA 242) proved the optimal concentration for detection of sporangia of P. destructor when applied to sample pads of lateral flow devices. Limits of approximately 500 sporangia of P. destructor could be detected by the absence of a test line on the lateral flow device within test samples. Using a scanning densitometer improved the sensitivity of detection. Further development and validation of the test is required if it is to be used for risk assessments of onion downy mildew in the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of detection systems for the sporangia of Peronospora destructor

Kennedy

Wakeham

2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…For onion downy mildew, infection has been reported at temperatures from 1 to 28°C (Yarwood, 1943). The range of 1–28°C is used in two other models ONIMIL (Battilani et al., 1996a,b) and ZWIPERO (Friedrich et al., 2003). The lower limit for infection was reduced to 2°C for POPCAST1, but not for POPCAST2 as calculation was only improved by a single time period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model DOWNCAST developed in Canada by Jesperson and Sutton (1987), has been adapted for the Netherlands (de Visser, 1998) and Australia (Fitz Gerald and O’Brien, 1994). Other models developed for onion downy mildew include ONIMIL (Battilani et al., 1996a,b), ZWIPERO (Friedrich et al., 2003) and MILIONCAST (Gilles et al., 2004). In this study, DOWNCAST as described by Jesperson and Sutton (1987), and modified by de Visser (1998), was further refined and evaluated for its ability to predict P. cristata epidemics in poppy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of the Forecasting Model DOWNCAST for Determination of Downy Mildew Epidemics of Oilseed Poppy in Tasmania, Australia

Scott¹,

Hay²,

Wilson³

2008

Journal of Phytopathology

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Peronospora cristata, causing downy mildew, has become an economically important pathogen of oilseed poppy (Papaver somniferum) since its first record in Tasmania in 1996. DOWNCAST, originally developed for downy mildew of onion, was evaluated for its ability to predict sporulation and infection of poppy by P. cristata. To assess the influence of the parameters within DOWNCAST, two modifications (POPCAST1 and POPCAST2) of the standard DOWNCAST model were also developed and tested. Initial accuracy of determination of sporulation events by DOWNCAST was 75%, while POPCAST1 (but not POPCAST2) was a significantly more accurate predictor of sporulation events (86%) than DOWNCAST (v 2 = 5.74, P = 0.025). This increase in accuracy was attributed to increasing both the rainfall threshold inhibitory to sporulation from 0.2 to 3.0 mm, and the relative humidity threshold for induction and development of sporulation from 95% to 96%. While DOWNCAST, POP-CAST1 and POPCAST2 had accuracies of infection determination of 65%, 80% and 75%, respectively, chi-squared analysis indicated no significant difference between models. Preliminary field evaluation indicated that POPCAST1 and POPCAST2 were more sensitive in detecting early infection events than DOWNCAST. Field observations indicated that conditions are frequently conducive for downy mildew spread, therefore the ability to predict early season infection events would allow growers to reduce initial infection rates, and thus inoculum loads later in the season. POPCAST1 and POP-CAST2 represent a significant step towards the development of a predictive model for downy mildew in poppy crops.

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“…The ONIMIL forecasting model for primary infections was elaborated (Battilani et al, 1996a) and validated at some locations in Emilia-Romagna (Battilani et al, 1996b), where its outputs are used in preparing warnings. Recently, the model was also validated in Lombardia (Battilani et al, 1998).…”

Section: Onionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The status of warning services for plant pests in Italy*

Rossi

Ponti²,

Cravedi

2000

EPPO Bulletin

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A survey of the present status of warning services for plant protection in Italy shows the lack of a national project, so that the different regional governments approach the question in different ways. In spite of this, some comhon characters are present: (1) most of the regions manage the warning service directly; (2) everywhere, the warning service interacts with research institutes, farmers' associations, agrometeorological networks and other warning services; (3) 'indirect warning' is the prevalent model of organization; geographical areas are divided into homogeneous subareas, where information useful for producing advice is collected and elaborated; warnings are then disseminated by different means of communication, and farmers comply with them autonomously; (4) warnings are usually prepared by a team of advisers, who meet periodically, analyse available information and elaborate suggestions for crop protection; ( 5 ) available information comes from field monitoring, weather stations, insect and spore traps, forecasting models for pests and diseases; unfortunately, forecasting models are not widespread; (6) the content of warnings is rather uniform, including information on crops, pests and diseases, suggestions for control strategies and, frequently, meteorological conditions and forecasts; (7) different means are used to disseminate warnings to farmers; usually several methods co-exist: bulletins published in local newspapers, sent by mail or fax, displayed on notice boards or available via the Internet; placards; telephone messages; surveys on local TV or radio. IntroductionThe present trend in crop protection limits the use of chemicals by integrating host resistance with agricultural practices and non-chemical applications, and by spraying chemicals only when strictly necessary. This approach implies an increase in the level of complexity, and it also imposes on f m e r s the need for wider and deeper knowledge. At present, warning services seem to be the best strategy for achieving this goal: they are designed in such a way as to provide farmers with useful information at the right time.In this work, the present status of warning services for plant protection in Italy is described. Information was collected by: (1) sending a questionnaire to the 20 regional governments in Italy, to other local agencies operating in plant protection and to the research institutes; ( 2 ) directly contacting people working in different regions; (3) consulting the available literature. Apart from specific works on particular pests, which are cited in the text as appropriate, the main bibliographical sources used were: surveys on the healthy status of crops during the growing season in each region, for the last 4-year period, which are published yearly in the

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ONIMIL, a forecaster for primary infection of downy mildew of onion ¹

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Development of detection systems for the sporangia of Peronospora destructor

Development of detection systems for the sporangia of Peronospora destructor

Adaptation of the Forecasting Model DOWNCAST for Determination of Downy Mildew Epidemics of Oilseed Poppy in Tasmania, Australia

The status of warning services for plant pests in Italy*

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ONIMIL, a forecaster for primary infection of downy mildew of onion 1

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Development of detection systems for the sporangia of Peronospora destructor

Development of detection systems for the sporangia of Peronospora destructor

Adaptation of the Forecasting Model DOWNCAST for Determination of Downy Mildew Epidemics of Oilseed Poppy in Tasmania, Australia

The status of warning services for plant pests in Italy*

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ONIMIL, a forecaster for primary infection of downy mildew of onion ¹