One Year of the COVID‐19 Pandemic. What Do We Know and What Is Yet to Come? — The Summarising Review

Malchrzak, Wojciech; Mastalerz-Migas, Agnieszka; Sroka, Zbigniew; Spiegel, Maciej

doi:10.3389/ijph.2021.1603975

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…It has been suggested that cytokine production as part of the immune response, whether from vaccination ( 24 , 25 ) or infection ( 26 ), may transiently interfere with the HPO axis and thus the production of ovarian hormones that drive the menstrual cycle ( 17 , 18 ). To explore the possibility that vaccine-associated menstrual delays observed in the prospective cohort were mediated in this way, we examined the effect of hormonal contraception and timing of vaccination within the cycle on participants' reports: if vaccine effects on menstrual timing are mediated by ovarian hormones, we might expect that supplying these exogenously, as in hormonal contraception, would protect against experiencing changes in cycle length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the timing and flow of menstrual periods in two cohorts

Alvergne

Woon

Male

2022

Front. Reprod. Health

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COVID-19 vaccination protects against the potentially serious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but some people have been hesitant to receive the vaccine because of reports that it could affect menstrual bleeding. To determine whether this occurs we prospectively recruited a cohort of 79 individuals, each of whom recorded details of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles, during which time they each received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. In spontaneously cycling participants, COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a delay to the next period, but this change reversed in subsequent unvaccinated cycles. No delay was detected in those taking hormonal contraception. To explore hypotheses about the mechanism by which these menstrual changes occur, we retrospectively recruited a larger cohort, of 1,273 people who had kept a record of their menstrual cycle and vaccination dates. In this cohort, we found a trend toward use of combined hormonal contraception being protective against reporting a delayed period, suggesting that menstrual changes following vaccination may be mediated by perturbations to ovarian hormones. However, we were unable to detect a clear association between the timing of vaccination within the menstrual cycle and reports of menstrual changes. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccination can lengthen the menstrual cycle and that this effect may be mediated by ovarian hormones. Importantly, we find that the menstrual cycle returns to its pre-vaccination length in unvaccinated cycles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the timing and flow of menstrual periods in two cohorts

Alvergne

Woon

Male

2022

Front. Reprod. Health

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“…At the outbreak of the war, only 37% of citizens were vaccinated against COVID-19, and the booster dose was received by 1.7% of those eligible [18]. Large numbers of unvaccinated individuals may transmit the virus more easily than vaccinated individuals, and given that some SARS-CoV-2 infections are asymptomatic, they may unknowingly infect more people [20]. In the face of the migration crisis, this also translates into a higher chance of outbreaks among refugees, but also an increase in the number of cases among citizens of the countries to which the refugees have arrived.…”

Section: Attitudes Toward Vaccination Against Covid-19 In Ukrainementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccination and Ukrainian Refugees in Poland during Russian–Ukrainian War—Narrative Review

Malchrzak

Babicki²,

Pokorna-Kałwak³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

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The outbreak of the Russian–Ukrainian war contributed to the largest migration movement in the 21st century. As a result, over 3 million refugees, mainly women, children and the elderly, arrived in Poland in a short space of time. Despite the ongoing war, it is important to remember that the COVID-19 pandemic is still present in the world, and before the outbreak of the war, Ukraine was struggling with its fifth wave. Furthermore, Ukraine has one of the lowest vaccination rates in Europe, not exceeding 40%. It is, therefore, reasonable to suspect that the vast majority of migrants have not been vaccinated. This situation may pose a significant epidemiological risk. Therefore, it is necessary to implement appropriate steps to determine the vaccination status of refugees and to supplement the vaccination with both the core and booster doses. In response to these needs, the government of Poland, like many other countries, has made it possible to provide free COVID-19 vaccination to persons fleeing war. In the face of massive migration, the overriding priority should be to ensure adequate medical care for refugees, including free COVID-19 vaccinations. However, it seems that the lack of willingness to vaccinate among Ukrainians is also replicated on migration. It seems reasonable that appropriate steps should be taken to increase awareness and confidence in vaccination, which may ultimately translate into increased vaccination uptake. Analyzing previous experiences, it is advisable to consider that the first step should be to promote vaccination and remind refugees of the possibility of free COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, refugees should be encouraged to be vaccinated during every contact with health care workers.

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“Why would we?” A qualitative study on COVID-19 vaccination decision making among Ukrainian economic female migrants in Poland

Ganczak,

Kalinowski,

Twardowski

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundUkraine has one of the lowest COVID-19 vaccination rates in Europe. This may pose a significant epidemiological risk in the context of the refugee crisis and the fact that, since 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading and changing globally.ObjectiveTo evaluate determinants of vaccination decision making among Ukrainian female migrants (UFMs).MethodsA qualitative study with 45 UFMs was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022. UFMs, from 2 Polish provinces, differing in age, education and length of stay were invited with the use of the snowball technique. Using a semi-structured topic guide, eight focus groups were conducted in person, recorded and transcribed. Thematic, qualitative analysis was made; key themes which emerged from the data (with the help of the Working Group Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy Matrix), were related to contextual, individual/group and contextual vaccine/vaccination-specific influences.ResultsMothers were found to be playing a crucial role in children and adolescent COVID-19 vaccine decision-making process. Universal trust in the Polish healthcare system and vaccination procedures, employer requirements and willingness to preserve jobs, desire to get back to normal and social influences were paramount prerequisites to let UFMs make a decision to get vaccinated. However, COVID-19 vaccines also faced backlash among UFMs. Negative experiences with vaccines provided in Ukraine, doubts about the rapid vaccine development, combined with lack of confidence in vaccine safety, specifically regarding child vaccination, might have a bearing on UFMs’ decision about declining COVID-19 vaccine while on migration. Discrimination through HCWs during vaccination visits was also reported. Corrupted Ukrainian healthcare system, which facilitates proof forgery regarding vaccination certificates, could act as a negative influencer of UFMs’ vaccine decision-making.ConclusionThe results provide the novel information, expressed in economic UFMs’ own words. Findings show that influencers of the decision-making process regarding the COVID-19 vaccination are complex and polarized; elements of hesitancy may persist after migration. Any continuation of UFMs’ vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine should be subject to designing accessible information to address modifiable demotivators of the vaccine decision-making process identified in this study.

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One Year of the COVID‐19 Pandemic. What Do We Know and What Is Yet to Come? — The Summarising Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 90 publications

Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the timing and flow of menstrual periods in two cohorts

Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the timing and flow of menstrual periods in two cohorts

COVID-19 Vaccination and Ukrainian Refugees in Poland during Russian–Ukrainian War—Narrative Review

“Why would we?” A qualitative study on COVID-19 vaccination decision making among Ukrainian economic female migrants in Poland

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