One year in review 2021: pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by local and systemic inflammation where the close interaction between immune cells and soluble mediators leads to amplification and perpetuation of inflammatory and remodelling processes. The research carried out in the last year in the field of RA has made it possible to identify new mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, enabling the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets. Thus, in this review we summarise new insights in RA pathogenesis, resulting from a literature research date published in the last year.

[Retracted] Investigation on the Inhibitory Effect of Methotrexate on Rheumatoid Synovitis via the TLR4‐NF‐κB Pathway in a Rat Model

“…Its clinical symptoms are prolonged and difficult to heal, and its disability rate is high, which has a great impact on the quality of life and mental health of patients [ 1 , 2 ]. According to the existing literature, the pathogenesis of RA may be related to genetics, infection, sliding lens, and other factors, but the specific pathogenesis of RA has not reached a unified conclusion in clinical practice [ 3 ]. At the same time, since the clinical features of RA are mainly characterized by synovial interstitial infiltration with a large number of inflammatory cells, cartilage and bone tissue destruction, etc.…”

Autoimmune disorders and thyroid function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after biological treatment

“…The most important genetic risk factors include HLA-DB1 genes encoding class II tissue compatibility antigens [18]. Polymorphisms in the genes of cytokines and signalling molecules of lymphocytes may also contribute to RA susceptibility or increase the severity of the disease [5]. Non-gene risk factors are also numerous.…”

“…The aim is to achieve remission, but an untargeted approach to treatment leads to the side and systemic effects associated with the use of glucocorticoids. Therefore, biological drugs are of great importance although their effect on other organs is still under investigation [5].…”

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology turns 40: serving the rheumatology community between tradition and innovation

“…The "One Year in Reviews" represent the cutting edge of this endeavour and are a unique feature of this journal. They now cover all the most relevant aspects of rheumatology (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). CER was started in the era of paper journals, but over the years has gradually incorporated all the continuous revolutions of the Internet technology, yet maintaining unvaried the initial template (Fig.…”