One-trial associative priming of nonwords in young and older adults.

Light, Leah L.; Kennison, Robert F.; Prull, Matthew W.; Voie, Donna La; Zuelling, Andrea

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.11.3.417

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As indicated earlier, intact associative priming in memory impaired individuals was initially documented not only with stem-completion, but also in a study that used speeded reading as the dependent measure (Moscovitch et al, 1986). The first attempted replication of this result was unsuccessful (Musen and Squire, 1993), but in this case, associative priming was absent from the performances of patients and controls alike, which raised concerns that there may have been insufficient power to detect a statistically significant difference in reading time across lists of intact and recombined word pairs (Light et al, 1996; Poldrack and Cohen, 1997). In line with this possibility, affirmative evidence for associative priming in speeded reading was reported in a subsequent experiment conducted with college-age participants (Poldrack and Cohen, 1997).…”

Section: Associative Priming: Identifying Investigative Pitfalls In Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The hippocampus reevaluated in unconscious learning and memory: at a tipping point?

Hannula¹,

Greene²

2012

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

115

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Classic findings from the neuropsychological literature invariably indicated that performances on tests of memory that can be accomplished without conscious awareness were largely spared in amnesia, while those that required conscious retrieval (e.g., via recognition or recall) of information learned in the very same sessions was devastatingly impaired. Based on reports of such dissociations, it was proposed that one of the fundamental distinctions between memory systems is whether or not they support conscious access to remembered content. Only recently have we come to realize that the putative systemic division of labor between conscious and unconscious memory is not so clean. A primary goal of this review is to examine recent evidence that has been advanced against the view that the hippocampus is selectively critical for conscious memory. Along the way, consideration is given to criticisms that have been levied against these findings, potential explanations for differences in the reported results are proposed, and methodological pitfalls in investigations of unconscious memory are discussed. Ultimately, it is concluded that a tipping point has been reached, and that while conscious recollection depends critically on hippocampal integrity, the reach of the hippocampus extends to unconscious aspects of memory performance when relational memory processing and representation are required.

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Section: Associative Priming: Identifying Investigative Pitfalls In Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The hippocampus reevaluated in unconscious learning and memory: at a tipping point?

Hannula¹,

Greene²

2012

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These studies, however, looked at priming of new associations between familiar stimuli, so the contribution of preexisting memory representations was not fully minimized (but see Light, Kennison, Prull, La Voie, & Zuellig, 1996). Schacter, Cooper, and Valdiserri (1992) and Wiggs (1993) did use unfamiliar stimuli and found age equivalence in priming.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of repetition lag on priming of unfamiliar visual objects in young and older adults.

Gordon¹,

Soldan²,

Thomas³

et al. 2013

Psychology and Aging

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Across three experiments, we examined the effect of repetition lag on priming of unfamiliar visual objects in healthy young and older adults. Multiple levels of lag were examined, ranging from short (one to four intervening stimuli) to long (50+ intervening stimuli). In each experiment, subjects viewed a series of new and repeated line drawings of objects and decided whether they depicted structurally possible or impossible figures. Experiment 1 and 2 found similar levels of priming in young and older adults at short and medium lags. At the longer repetition lags (∼20+ intervening stimuli), older adults showed less overall priming, as measured by reaction time facilitation, than young adults. This indicates that older adults can rapidly encode unfamiliar three-dimensional objects to support priming at shorter lags; however, they cannot maintain these representations over longer intervals. In addition to repetition lag, we also explored the relationship between priming and cognitive reserve, as measured by education and verbal intelligence. In the older adults, higher levels of cognitive reserve were associated with greater reaction time priming, suggesting that cognitive reserve may mediate the relationship between aging and priming.

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“…When new associative learning occurs via the integration of surface-level features, associative priming has been shown to be insensitive to encoding manipulations that typically affect explicit memory, such as divided attention (Gabrieli et al, 1997; Light et al, 1996; Micco & Masson, 1991; Musen & O’Neill, 1997). Conversely, when the formation of associations occurs via the semantic integration of distinct items, associative priming has not been successfully dissociated from explicit retrieval.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential age effects for implicit and explicit conceptual associative memory.

Dew¹,

Giovanello²

2010

Psychology and Aging

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Older adults show disproportionate declines in explicit memory for associative relative to item information. However, the source of these declines is still uncertain. One explanation is a generalized impairment in the processing of associative information. A second explanation is a more specialized impairment in the strategic, effortful recollection of associative information, leaving less effortful forms of associative retrieval preserved. Assessing implicit memory of new associations is a way to distinguish between these viewpoints. To date, mixed findings have emerged from studies of associative priming in aging. One factor that may account for the variability is whether the manipulations inadvertently involve strategic, explicit processes. In 2 experiments we present a novel paradigm of conceptual associative priming in which subjects make speeded associative judgments about unrelated objects. Using a size classification task, Experiment 1 showed equivalent associative priming between young and older adults. Experiment 2 generalized the results of Experiment 1 to an inside/outside classification task, while replicating the typical age-related impairment in associative but not item recognition. Taken together, the findings support the viewpoint that older adults can incidentally encode and retrieve new meaningful associations despite difficulty with the intentional recollection of the same information.

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One-trial associative priming of nonwords in young and older adults.

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

The hippocampus reevaluated in unconscious learning and memory: at a tipping point?

The hippocampus reevaluated in unconscious learning and memory: at a tipping point?

Effect of repetition lag on priming of unfamiliar visual objects in young and older adults.

Differential age effects for implicit and explicit conceptual associative memory.

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