One-step synthesis of nanocrystalline transition metal oxides on thin sheets of disordered graphitic carbon by oxidation of MXenes

Naguib, Michael; Mashtalir, Olha; Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Dyatkin, B. L.; Zhang, Chuanfang; Presser, Volker; Barsoum, Michel W.

doi:10.1039/c4cc01646g

Cited by 661 publications

(484 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…43 The increased intensities of D-and G-bands in Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 composites might indicate the formation of carbon. 38 XPS analyses were carried out to characterize the elemental composition of the prepared samples, as shown in Fig. 6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the transition metal oxides, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is one of the most widely investigated electrode materials, owing to its low cost, abundant availability and convenient synthesis in nanoscale sizes. [34][35][36][37] Many studies have reported different preparation methods to introduce TiO 2 into the two-dimensional MXenes layers, such as heat treatment of MXenes sheets, [38][39][40] in situ hydrolysis 31 and traditional hydrothermal process 5 . For example, C. J. Zhang et al fabricated TiO 2 @ Ti 3 C 2 T x composite via heating Ti 3 C 2 T x powders in flowing CO 2 for 1 h at 500…”

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confidence: 99%

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Room Temperature Oxidation of Ti₃C₂MXene for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Cao

Wang

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

166

100

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Two kinds of Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 hybrids were synthesized by room temperature oxidation methods, named as Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 -nanoparticles and Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 -nanowires, respectively. Effects of reaction time and concentration of NaOH solution on the microstructures and electrochemical performances of Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 composites were studied in details. When used as electrodes for supercapacitors, both Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 -nanoparticles and Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 -nanowires exhibit enhanced supercapacitive performances. The electrochemical measurement results show that the specific capacitances of Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 -nanoparticles and Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 -nanowires electrodes are 128 and 143 F/g at 2 mV/s, respectively, which are larger than that of Ti 3 C 2 MXene (91 F/g). Furthermore, after 6000 charge-discharge cycles at 5 A/g, 88% and 80% of the initial capacitances are retained for Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 -nanoparticles and Ti 3 C 2 /TiO 2 -nanowires, respectively. Therefore, this work not only enhances the understanding of the surface states and morphology structures of Ti 3 C 2 MXene at different reaction condition in the aqueous solutions, but also provides simple and facile ways to fabricate photocatalysts, 5-8 lithium-ion batteries 9-11 and supercapacitors. 12-14MXenes are produced by selective etching of "A" layers from M n+1 AX n (n = 1, 2, 3) phase, where M belongs to an early transition metal, A represents a IIIA or IVA element, and X is C and/or N. [15][16][17] The structures of the etched resultants are similar to the exfoliated graphite.15 Typically, MXenes are terminated by -OH, -O and/or -F surface groups (denoted as T x ), and so their general formula is M n+1 X n T x , 15,17,18 such as Ti 3 C 2 T x and Ti 2 CT x . MXenes show significant potential in energy storages benefiting from their layered structure, hydrophilic surfaces, outstanding electrical conductivity and excellent chemical stability. 10,12,13,[17][18][19][20] MXene-derived nanoribbons, formed in simultaneous oxidation and alkalization processes, also show high-performances in sodium and potassium ion batteries. 21 In addition, the electrochemical properties of MXenes and MXenesbased materials have been extensively investigated in aqueous 13,22,23 and nonaqueous electrolytes. 24,25 Notably, MXenes have been demonstrated to exhibit large pseudocapacitance, which is caused by ion intercalation between their two-dimensional nanosheets. 26,27 In order to satisfy the increasing strict requirements of energy storage devices, MXenes are motivated to exploit much better electrochemical performances. Recent studies reported that introduction of transition metal oxides into MXenes is an efficient way to improve the electrochemical properties in supercapacitors 28-31 and lithium-ion batteries 32,33 . Among the transition metal oxides, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is one of the most widely investigated electrode materials, owing to its low cost, abundant availability and convenient synthesis in nanoscale sizes. [34][35][36][37] Many studies have reported different preparation...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Room Temperature Oxidation of Ti₃C₂MXene for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Cao

Wang

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

166

100

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“…It is been reported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations that pure MXene has higher theoretical capacitance in Li-ion batteries than those which has surface terminations [9][10]. It was shown that heat treatment of MXene can tune the surface termination in this material and can improve the volumetric capacitance [11][12]. The TiO 2 /C composite (the composite based on TiO 2 particles in amorphous carbon matrix) shows a good performance as an electrode material for Li-ion battery anodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying of 2D Titanium Carbide Structure by Raman Spectroscopy after Heat Treatment in Argon and Hydrogen Atmospheres

Kaipoldayev

Mukhametkarimov

Немкаева

et al. 2017

Eurasian Chem. Tech. J.

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Herein we show the effect of heat treatment of two dimensional layered titanium carbide structure (Ti 3 C 2 T x ), so called MXene. As prepared MXene has functional groups -OH, -F, -Cl. In order to remove the functional groups we heat treated the MXene in Ar (with 0.01% O 2 ) and H 2 (with 0.01% H 2 O) atmospheres. We discovered the significant decrease in the amount of functional groups (-F and -Cl) and increase in the -O content, which refers to the oxidation of the material. Also we determined the optimal regime for Raman spectroscopy in order to avoid any changes in the structure of the material. We revealed that titanium carbide changes its structure at 700 °C and 900 °C into two different titanium dioxide modifications like rutile and anatase in Ar (with 0.01% O 2 ) atmosphere. Also there are small changes occurred in Ti 3 C 2 Tx structure and formation of amorphous carbon after 700 °C treatment in H 2 (with 0.01% H 2 O) atmosphere and formation of TiO 2 (rutile) at 900 °C. Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the reduction of functional groups at 700 °C in both atmospheres and total disappearance of -F and -Cl and increasing the oxygen at 900 °C. The huge increase of oxygen by atomic percent, can be explained by the initial oxygen content in argon and hydrogen gases.

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“…[40][41][42] Therefore, combining Ti 3 C 2 T x /TiO 2 and co-catalyst such as LDHs is expected to produce high performance PEC photocatalyst.…”

Section: -39mentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ hybridization of an MXene/TiO₂/NiFeCo-layered double hydroxide composite for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution

et al. 2018

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Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxygen evolution reactions (OER) are receiving considerable attention owing to their important roles in the overall water splitting reaction. In this contribution, ternary NiFeCo-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplates were in situ hybridized with Ti 3 C 2 T x (the MXene phase) via a simple solvothermal process during which Ti 3 C 2 T x was partially oxidized to form anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles. The obtained Ti 3 C 2 T x /TiO 2 /NiFeCo-LDH composite (denoted as TTL) showed a superb OER performance as compared with pristine NiFeCo-LDH and comercial IrO 2 catalyst, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm À2 at a potential of 1.55 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) in 0.1 M KOH. Importantly, the composite was further deposited on a standard BiVO 4 film to construct a TTL/BiVO 4 photoanode which showed a significantly enhanced photocurrent density of 2.25 mA cm À2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE under 100 mW cm À2 illumination. The excellent PEC-OER performance can be attributed to the presence of TiO 2 nanoparticles which broadened the light adsorption to improve the generation of electron/hole pairs, while the ternary LDH nanoplates were efficient hole scavengers and the metallic Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets were effective shuttles for transporting electrons/ions. Our in situ synthetic method provides a facile way to prepare multi-component catalysts for effective water oxidation and solar energy conversion.

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One-step synthesis of nanocrystalline transition metal oxides on thin sheets of disordered graphitic carbon by oxidation of MXenes

Cited by 661 publications

References 36 publications

Room Temperature Oxidation of Ti₃C₂MXene for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Room Temperature Oxidation of Ti₃C₂MXene for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Studying of 2D Titanium Carbide Structure by Raman Spectroscopy after Heat Treatment in Argon and Hydrogen Atmospheres

In situ hybridization of an MXene/TiO₂/NiFeCo-layered double hydroxide composite for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution

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One-step synthesis of nanocrystalline transition metal oxides on thin sheets of disordered graphitic carbon by oxidation of MXenes

Cited by 661 publications

References 36 publications

Room Temperature Oxidation of Ti3C2MXene for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Room Temperature Oxidation of Ti3C2MXene for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Studying of 2D Titanium Carbide Structure by Raman Spectroscopy after Heat Treatment in Argon and Hydrogen Atmospheres

In situ hybridization of an MXene/TiO2/NiFeCo-layered double hydroxide composite for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution

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Product

Resources

About

Room Temperature Oxidation of Ti₃C₂MXene for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Room Temperature Oxidation of Ti₃C₂MXene for Supercapacitor Electrodes

In situ hybridization of an MXene/TiO₂/NiFeCo-layered double hydroxide composite for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution