One-step synthesis of lead zirconate titanate particles using a solid-state reaction method

Optimization of cantilever piezoelectric harvester to triangular shape with material reduction using finite element analysis

“…We propose a new perspective, considering the increasing costs of piezoelectric materials, as well as sustainability concerns. In this regard, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoceramics [ 41 , 42 ], specifically lead and lead oxide, are classified as hazardous substances within the European Union, planning to restrict their use [ 43 , 44 ]. Lead oxide, a PZT component, is highly toxic, exhibiting even further toxicity enhancement in the manufacturing process [ 45 , 46 ].…”