One-Step reverse transcriptase PCR for detection of arboviruses in serum samples of patients assisted in Basic health Units in the State of Maranhão, Brazil

Mayaro Virus (MAYV) is an emerging health threat in the Americas that can cause febrile illness as well as debilitating arthralgia or arthritis. To better understand the geographic distribution of MAYV risk, we developed a georeferenced database of MAYV occurrence based on peer-reviewed literature and unpublished reports. Here we present this compendium, which includes both point and polygon locations linked to occurrence data documented from its discovery in 1954 until 2022. We describe all methods used to develop the database including data collection, georeferencing, management and quality-control. We also describe a customized grading system used to assess the quality of each study included in our review. The result is a comprehensive, evidence-graded database of confirmed MAYV occurrence in humans, non-human animals, and arthropods to-date, containing 262 geo-positioned occurrences in total. This database - which can be updated over time - may be useful for local spill-over risk assessment, epidemiological modelling to understand key transmission dynamics and drivers of MAYV spread, as well as identification of major surveillance gaps.

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Understanding transmission risk and predicting environmental suitability for Mayaro Virus in the Americas

Celone

Beeman

Han

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus that is widespread in South America. MAYV infection often presents with non-specific febrile symptoms but may progress to debilitating chronic arthritis or arthralgia. Despite the pandemic threat of MAYV, its true distribution remains unknown. The objective of this study was to clarify the geographic distribution of MAYV using an established risk mapping framework. This consisted of generating evidence consensus scores for MAYV presence, modeling the potential distribution of MAYV across the Americas, and estimating at-risk population residing in areas suitable for MAYV transmission. Methods We compiled a georeferenced compendium of MAYV occurrence in humans, animals, and arthropods. Based on an established evidence consensus framework, we integrated multiple information sources to assess the total evidence supporting ongoing transmission of MAYV within each country in our study region. We then developed high resolution maps of the disease's estimated distribution using a boosted regression tree approach. Models were developed using ten climatic and environmental covariates that are related to the MAYV transmission cycle. Using the output of our boosted regression tree models, we estimated the total population living in regions suitable for MAYV transmission. Findings The evidence consensus scores revealed high or very high evidence of MAYV transmission in Brazil (especially the states of Mato Grosso and Goiás), Venezuela, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Bolivia, and French Guiana. According to the boosted regression tree models, a substantial region of South America is suitable for MAYV transmission, including north and central Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname. Some regions (e.g., Guyana) with low or moderate evidence of transmission were identified as highly suitable for MAYV. We estimate that approximately 77 million people in the Americas live in areas that may be suitable for MAYV transmission, including 43.4 million people in Brazil. Our results can assist public health authorities in prioritizing high-risk areas for vector control, human disease surveillance and ecological studies.

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One-Step reverse transcriptase PCR for detection of arboviruses in serum samples of patients assisted in Basic health Units in the State of Maranhão, Brazil

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Molecular characterization of Chikungunya virus recovered from patients in the Maranhão state, Brazil

Molecular characterization of Chikungunya virus recovered from patients in the Maranhão state, Brazil

A geopositioned and evidence-graded pan-species compendium of Mayaro virus occurrence

Understanding transmission risk and predicting environmental suitability for Mayaro Virus in the Americas

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