“…The unique properties of CNFs, including their sustainability, excellent mechanical characteristics, and biocompatibility have attracted significant attention − and the viscoelastic property of CNF suspensions enables the ease fabrication into nanofibers, aerogels, foams, and films . Due to the large surface area, and functional groups of CNFs, the CNF templates are used for in situ synthesis of nanoparticles, − which can be applied for energy storage paper, water treatment membranes, and supercapacitors …”