One-step hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles/nanobucks/nanorods with enhanced photocatalytic performance under simulated solar light
“…The size of the blocks is 50–100 nm. In Figure 3 d, the marked interplanar spacing 0.348 nm corresponds to the (101) crystal plane of anatase and 0.320 nm corresponds to the (110) crystal plane of rutile [ 13 , 20 ], indicating that TiO 2 -24 h is a mixed crystal composed of anatase and rutile, which is in line with XRD results. Nanoparticle almost disappears in Figure 3 e and the particles are completely made of rods and blocks.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…The particles are spherical with a certain extent agglomeration and the surface area is 40 m 2 /g. It is convenient to control the morphology of photocatalyst by a hydrothermal method, which does not require high-temperature calcination and is conducive to obtaining a large surface area and high photocatalytic activity [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Esparza et al [ 16 ] prepared nanostructured TiO 2 by a hydrothermal method.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Methylene blue (MB) was completely degraded under UV light after 120 min. Zhu et al [ 13 ] prepared Cu-doped TiO 2 under the conditions of 200 °C for 12 h by hydrothermal method. It was found that the photocatalyst was anatase/rutile mixed crystal structure and the surface area was 73.9 m 2 /g.…”
Using butyl titanate and absolute ethanol as raw materials, TiO2 was prepared by a hydrothermal method with different hydrothermal times, and the influences of hydrothermal time on the structure and photocatalytic performance of TiO2 were investigated. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, PL and DRS, separately. The results show that TiO2 forms anatase when the hydrothermal time is 12 h, forms a mixed crystal composed of anatase and rutile when the hydrothermal time is 24 h, and forms rutile when the hydrothermal time is 36 h. With the extension of hydrothermal time, anatase gradually transforms into rutile and the surface area decreases. Although TiO2-24 h and TiO2-36 h show lower photoinduced charge recombination and higher light source utilization, TiO2-12 h exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity owing to its largest surface area (145.3 m2/g). The degradation degree of rhodamine B and tetracycline hydrochloride reach 99.6% and 90.0% after 45 min.
“…The size of the blocks is 50–100 nm. In Figure 3 d, the marked interplanar spacing 0.348 nm corresponds to the (101) crystal plane of anatase and 0.320 nm corresponds to the (110) crystal plane of rutile [ 13 , 20 ], indicating that TiO 2 -24 h is a mixed crystal composed of anatase and rutile, which is in line with XRD results. Nanoparticle almost disappears in Figure 3 e and the particles are completely made of rods and blocks.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…The particles are spherical with a certain extent agglomeration and the surface area is 40 m 2 /g. It is convenient to control the morphology of photocatalyst by a hydrothermal method, which does not require high-temperature calcination and is conducive to obtaining a large surface area and high photocatalytic activity [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Esparza et al [ 16 ] prepared nanostructured TiO 2 by a hydrothermal method.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Methylene blue (MB) was completely degraded under UV light after 120 min. Zhu et al [ 13 ] prepared Cu-doped TiO 2 under the conditions of 200 °C for 12 h by hydrothermal method. It was found that the photocatalyst was anatase/rutile mixed crystal structure and the surface area was 73.9 m 2 /g.…”
Using butyl titanate and absolute ethanol as raw materials, TiO2 was prepared by a hydrothermal method with different hydrothermal times, and the influences of hydrothermal time on the structure and photocatalytic performance of TiO2 were investigated. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, PL and DRS, separately. The results show that TiO2 forms anatase when the hydrothermal time is 12 h, forms a mixed crystal composed of anatase and rutile when the hydrothermal time is 24 h, and forms rutile when the hydrothermal time is 36 h. With the extension of hydrothermal time, anatase gradually transforms into rutile and the surface area decreases. Although TiO2-24 h and TiO2-36 h show lower photoinduced charge recombination and higher light source utilization, TiO2-12 h exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity owing to its largest surface area (145.3 m2/g). The degradation degree of rhodamine B and tetracycline hydrochloride reach 99.6% and 90.0% after 45 min.
“…For the spectra of Ag rutile, it is observed that the peak intensity declines with the arising Ag content, indicating that there is no new recombination centre formed due to the high Ag concentration. It has been reported that new composite centres will be formed when the amount of the additive is excessive [11, 16, 19], which is not conducive to the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. On the contrary, documents show that the more adding amount, the lower PL peak intensity [5, 8, 20].…”
The pure rutile and Ag-rutile nanomaterials were synthesised using sol-gel route and the effect of Ag concentration on the composite photocatalyst activity was investigated. The results show that the Ag 0 particles are deposited on the rutile surface, forming Ag-rutile heterojunctions. The high concentration of Ag is beneficial to inhibit the recombination of electrons and holes, meanwhile, excessive Ag particles will hinder the absorption of light source and adsorption of RhB molecules. Therefore, 2% of Ag rutile exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity.
“…In addition, an improvement in the visible light adsorption of TiO 2 was observed after doping with Cu, resulting in the further promotion of photocatalytic efficiency [ 16 ]. Leading research has further shown that Cu-doped TiO 2 provided superior antibacterial performance [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. These studies proved that Cu-doped TiO 2 can be active under UV-A and visible light, and also that it can kill 100% of microbes.…”
In this work, metal-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesised with the aim of improving photocatalytic degradation and antimicrobial activities; TiO2 was doped with copper (Cu) ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 wt%. The physical and chemical properties of the Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET) and diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The results revealed that the anatase phase of TiO2 was maintained well in all the Cu-doped TiO2 samples. No significant difference in the particle sizes or the specific surface areas was caused by increasing Cu doping. However, the band gap decreased continuously from 3.20 eV for undoped TiO2 to 3.12 eV for 1.0 wt.% Cu-doped TiO2. In addition, the 0.1 wt.% Cu-doped TiO2 displayed a much greater photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and excellent antibacterial ability for Escherichia coli (E. coli) compared to undoped TiO2. On the other hand, the high Cu doping levels had negative impacts on the surface charge of nanoparticles and charge transfer for OH• generation, resulting in decreasing MB degradation and E. coli photokilling for 1.0 wt.% Cu-doped TiO2.
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