“…Additionally, the presence of a co-catalyst as a second metal added to noble metals, e.g., Pt or Pd, favors bifunctional mechanisms. In these mechanisms, the non-noble metal serves as a source of oxygenated molecules, facilitating fuel oxidation, lowering the reaction overpotential, improving the reaction selectivity, and reducing the energy costs [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”