One-stage hepatectomy in the dog

Daloze, Pierre; Rosiers, Christine Des; Arnoux, R; Daloze, Thierry; Smeesters, C; Brunengraber, Henri

doi:10.1016/0022-4804(90)90141-n

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Anesthetized dogs were fitted with carotid, jugular, portal vein, renal vein, and femoral vein catheters. They injected a small bolus of [6,6-2 H 2 ]glucose just after completing the hepatectomy (16) and at the end of the sham surgery in control dogs. At various times, blood was slowly sampled through the carotid, portal vein, renal vein, and femoral vein catheters.…”

Section: Measurements Of Rates Of Intestinal Gluconeogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There Glucose Production Outside of the Liver and Kidney?

Previs

Brunengraber

2009

Annu. Rev. Nutr.

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This review analyzes the evidence presented to support the role of organs other than the liver and kidney to release substantial amounts of glucose into the mammalian blood circulation. The evidence includes (a) the identification of gluconeogenic enzyme activities in various organs, especially the small intestine, (b) levels of mRNA for the same enzymes, and (c) measurements of gluconeogenic flux in the small intestine. The latter would be the definite proof of extrahepatic, extrarenal glucose production. We critically evaluate the radioactive and stable isotopic techniques used to measure intestinal gluconeogenesis. We also simulate the impact of unavoidable measurement errors on apparent rates of intestinal gluconeogenesis. We conclude that there is so far no credible evidence to support the concept that glucose can be produced by the intestine or by muscle.

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Section: Measurements Of Rates Of Intestinal Gluconeogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There Glucose Production Outside of the Liver and Kidney?

Previs

Brunengraber

2009

Annu. Rev. Nutr.

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“…The major drawbacks of two‐ and three‐stage techniques are that they are very time‐consuming , have a high mortality rate and often lead to formation of adhesions and collaterals . Moreover, it has been speculated that the time interval between different stages allows the animal to adapt to the situation and induction of changes in the extrahepatic metabolism . Some techniques are based on hepatectomy, while others are based on hepatic devascularization (table ).…”

Section: Hepatectomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constant intravenous glucose infusion is most commonly employed. Here, some adjust the amount of glucose infused to blood glucose levels , while others infuse at a constant rate without adjustments to blood glucose levels . However, less refined methods such as intraperitoneal injections of glucose , intragastrical injection of a single bolus of glucose , hourly subcutaneous injection of glucose and bolus injections of glucose at blood sampling times have also been used.…”

Section: Hepatectomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nephrectomized and Hepatectomized Animal Models as Tools in Preclinical Pharmacokinetics

Vestergaard¹,

Agersø

Lykkesfeldt

2013

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Early understanding of the pharmacokinetics and metabolic patterns of new drug candidates is essential for selection of optimal candidates to move further in to the drug development process. In vitro methodologies can be used to investigate metabolic patterns, but in general, they lack several aspects of the whole-body physiology. In contrast, the complexity of intact animals does not necessarily allow individual processes to be identified. Animal models lacking a major excretion organ can be used to investigate these individual metabolic processes. Animal models of nephrectomy and hepatectomy have considerable potential as tools in preclinical pharmacokinetics to assess organs of importance for drug clearance and thereby knowledge of potential metabolic processes to manipulate to improve pharmacokinetic properties of the molecules. Detailed knowledge of anatomy and surgical techniques is crucial to successfully establish the models, and a well-balanced anaesthesia and adequate monitoring of the animals are also of major importance. An obvious drawback of animal models lacking an organ is the disruption of normal homoeostasis and the induction of dramatic and ultimately mortal systemic changes in the animals. Refining of the surgical techniques and the post-operative supportive care of the animals can increase the value of these models by minimizing the systemic changes induced, and thorough validation of nephrectomy and hepatectomy models is needed before use of such models as a tool in preclinical pharmacokinetics. The present MiniReview discusses pros and cons of the available techniques associated with establishing nephrectomy and hepatectomy models.

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Acute Liver Failure: A Critical Appraisal of Available Animal Models

Bélanger

Butterworth

2005

Metab Brain Dis

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The availability of adequate experimental models of acute liver failure (ALF) is of prime importance to provide a better understanding of this condition and allow the development and testing of new therapeutic approaches for patients with ALF. However, the numerous etiologies and complications of ALF contribute to the complexity of this condition and render the development of an ideal experimental model of ALF more difficult than expected. Instead, a number of different models that may be used for the study of specific aspects of ALF have been developed. The most common approaches used to induce ALFin experimental animals are surgical procedures, toxic liver injury,or a combination of both. Despite the high prevalence of viral hepatitis worldwide, very few satisfactory viral models of ALF are available. Established and newly developed models of ALF are reviewed.

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One-stage hepatectomy in the dog

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Is There Glucose Production Outside of the Liver and Kidney?

Is There Glucose Production Outside of the Liver and Kidney?

Nephrectomized and Hepatectomized Animal Models as Tools in Preclinical Pharmacokinetics

Acute Liver Failure: A Critical Appraisal of Available Animal Models

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