One-Spot Pilot Results in the Sabriyah-Mauddud Carbonate Formation in Kuwait Using a Novel Surfactant Formulation

Carlisle, Charlie; Al-Maraghi, Eissa; Al-Saad, Bader; Britton, Chris; Fortenberry, Robert; Pope, Gary A.

doi:10.2118/169153-ms

Cited by 57 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…F is used as an interpolation parameter to obtain a weighted average of miscible and immiscible hydrocarbon relative permeabilities: (2) where, the reservoir oil saturation is scaled such that both miscible and immiscible relative permeabilities have the same critical saturation given by (3) where, S imm cr is the critical immiscible saturation, generally obtained from a user-defined rock curve and S mis cr is the critical saturation obtained from a miscible saturation table. Figure 14 shows that miscibility is achieved only at the gas front during the secondary injection if enriched gas injection is performed.…”

Section: Simulation Results For Miscible Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the microscopic displacement efficiency of water can be substantial; residual oil saturation (Sorw) for carbonate rocks has been reported in the range of 20 -40% (Morgan et al, 1970;Jadhunandan et al, 1995;Carlisle et al, 2014). This is also attributed to the fact that, under waterflood, the interfacial tension between displaced and displacing fluid is of the order 15-25 dyne/cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas Injection EOR Screening by Laboratory Experiment and Sector Modeling in Carbonate Reservoir

Kumar¹,

Yammahi²,

Nakashima³

2015

Day 3 Wed, November 11, 2015

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Hydrocarbon gas injection projects are undertaken in order to maintain reservoir pressure, produce oil through swelling and reduce residual oil saturation by decreasing the interfacial tension (IFT). Along with local displacement efficiency, macroscopic sweep efficiency plays a dominant role in the success of gas injection projects, as recovery from the field depends strongly on reservoir geology and petrophysical properties.In this paper, a procedure to screen the best injectant for implementation of a successful gas injection pilot project is discussed. To determine the microscopic sweep efficiency, PVT experiments and coreflood tests are conducted. First, minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), oil solubility and IFT values are measured through PVT experiments, which is followed by unsteady-state coreflood experiments on 200 cm long cores to evaluate the sweep efficiency at miscible and immiscible conditions. Data from the experiments are used to evaluate oil recovery in a sector model extracted from the full field model. The sector model analysis for different injection scenarios provides sweep efficiency and guidelines for the implementation of the gas injection pilot project.The coreflood experiments show improvement in recovery in immiscible conditions due to oil swelling and reduction in IFT, while higher recovery is achieved in miscible conditions due to multiple-contact miscibility. Evaluation of the macroscopic sweep efficiency in the sector model highlights the issue of gas override, and suggests improving the sweep by gas enrichment, as well as water-alternating-gas injection (WAG).

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Section: Simulation Results For Miscible Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Injection EOR Screening by Laboratory Experiment and Sector Modeling in Carbonate Reservoir

Kumar¹,

Yammahi²,

Nakashima³

2015

Day 3 Wed, November 11, 2015

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“…In 2013-14, three candidate wells were selected in which eight SWCTTs were conducted in collaboration with Chemical Tracers, Inc (CTI) to evaluate the efficiency of ASP as chemical EOR agent in reducing the residual oil saturation to the minimum possible level. Each well was tested twice; first SWCTT was carried out after water flood to set baseline residual oil saturation (Sorw) followed by second SWCTT after ASP injection to measure the residual oil saturation (Sorc) 3 . In addition, SWCTTs were repeated in one of these wells with modified test procedure 1 .…”

Section: Single Well Chemical Tracer Tests (Swctts) Conducted In Samamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• The entire sequence of tracer injection and production profiles in both wells. • Partitioning coefficient 4.3 (lab data)3 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Single Well Chemical Tracer Tests Conducted in Carbonate Reservoir

et al. 2015

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Successful implementations of Single Well Chemical Tracer (SWCT) Tests have opened up new opportunities for reserves growth in North Kuwait reservoirs with water flood and with use of Enhanced Oil Recovery methods (EOR). Series of SWCT Tests have been carried out with water flood and ASP (Alkaline Surfactant Polymer) as a part of the EOR project in Sabiriyah Mauddud (SAMA) reservoir to evaluate the efficiency of chemical EOR agent (ASP) in reducing the residual oil saturation. SAMA reservoir is very heterogeneous carbonate reservoir and results of SWCT tests reflect the reservoir complexity of SAMA. Produced tracer profiles do no show a sharp identifiable peak as seen in case of tests conducted in sandstone reservoir. Though these tests provided valuable information about residual oil saturation with water flood (Sorw) and residual oil saturation with ASP injection (Sorc), a need was felt to model these tests to have a better understanding of the controlling parameters affecting tracer concentration production profile. The SWCTT modeling will also help in reducing the impact of uncertainties in future planned tests.Two single well models have been built using STARS simulator of CMG to simulate four SWCT tests conducted in two wells. This is considered as the first simulation study of SWCT tests conducted in North Kuwait Asset, KOC. Detailed sensitivity analysis has been carried out to match Tracers concentration profiles using (i) Single porosity and single permeability model, (ii) Dual porosity dual permeability model and (iii) Drift model. In addition to that, various history match parameters of dispersion, diffusion and dispersivity have been tried to get a reasonable match.First, major emphasis was given to material balance tracer (IPA) and cover tracer (NPA) profiles during history match because these tracer profiles are not affected by reaction rate and there are no signs of dilution or drift effect observed. The perfect match in material balance tracer indicates that reservoir characterization of the model is good. After that, reactive and product tracers were matched using different magnitudes of Dispersivity and Reaction rate.The paper brings out the findings of simulation studies performed and discusses the main controlling parameters affecting tracer concentration profiles during SWCT tests in such heterogeneous carbonate reservoir.

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“…The application of a range of EOR techniques, including polymer, miscible and steam flooding, alongside a focus on uptime, reservoir development and sub-surface dynamics has stabilised production in the PDO portfolio and is now giving growth in production, Figure 2, [Royal Dutch Shell plc, 2014]. Other countries in the region have already executed EOR pilots or have plans to do so [for example, Al Hajeri 2010, Carlisle 2014, Ozen 2014, Schneider 2005, Stofferis 1995. For the light oil reservoirs in the Middle East region the two main technology groups are miscible gas injection and chemical flooding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing EOR Systems for Light Oil Reservoirs in the Middle East

et al. 2015

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EOR technology to allow cost effective recovery of remaining oil saturations after waterflooding will eventually have large scale application in the region. Both technology groups have the potential to deliver this prize, but by following different development thrusts, focusing on the surface capture issues for CO 2 and the subsurface issues for chemical flooding. In the coming decade technology development and piloting in the field will show the likely scale of future application of the different EOR technologies. An integrated system approach to miscible gas and chemical EOR highlights the key technology challenges and provides a roadmap to develop commercial EOR systems.

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One-Spot Pilot Results in the Sabriyah-Mauddud Carbonate Formation in Kuwait Using a Novel Surfactant Formulation

Cited by 57 publications

References 14 publications

Gas Injection EOR Screening by Laboratory Experiment and Sector Modeling in Carbonate Reservoir

Gas Injection EOR Screening by Laboratory Experiment and Sector Modeling in Carbonate Reservoir

Simulation of Single Well Chemical Tracer Tests Conducted in Carbonate Reservoir

Developing EOR Systems for Light Oil Reservoirs in the Middle East

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