One Solution Fits All? Evaluating Different Communication Strategies of a Light-based External Human-Machine Interface for Differently Sized Automated Vehicles from a Pedestrian’s Perspective

Lau, Merle; Jipp, Meike; Oehl, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2022.106641

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It was modeled after an external human-machine interface designed in the scope of the European interACT project [ 32 ] that has been previously used/adopted to communicate different content to road users, such as whether a vehicle was driving autonomously or manually controlled (e.g., Refs. [ [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]). In blocks with the acceleration signal, the light band illuminated at acceleration onset ( t accOnset ) until occlusion ( t occ ) ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A binary acceleration signal reduces overestimation in pedestrians’ visual time-to-collision estimation for accelerating vehicles

Wessels,

Oberfeld

2024

Heliyon

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A binary acceleration signal reduces overestimation in pedestrians’ visual time-to-collision estimation for accelerating vehicles

Wessels,

Oberfeld

2024

Heliyon

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“…Regarding the effects of lightband eHMIs, research showed that pedestrians trust an HAV equipped with eHMI more compared to no eHMI (Kaleefathullah et al, 2022). They also felt safer when the HAV was equipped with an eHMI indicating the vehicle's yielding intent compared to no eHMI or an eHMI only displaying the vehicle's automation status (Lau et al, 2022). Mirnig et al (2021) investigated the use of an intention-based light-band eHMI for a highly automated shuttle and showed that the eHMI supported a smooth interaction between the shuttle and the surrounding traffic.…”

Section: Visual External Communication Of Havs With Other Tra C Parti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, so far, only little research has focused on the design of eHMIs for the interaction of an HAV with its following road users (Powelleit et al, 2018;Schindler et al, 2020a). Overall, the well-coordinated interplay of both external communication signals seems important to enhance the interaction in mixed traffic environments and to foster safety, understanding, acceptance, and trust in HAVs (Bengler et al, 2020;Kaleefathullah et al, 2022;Lau et al, 2022). However, it is not yet defined how exactly this interplay should take place, in particular, during a stopping maneuver, i.e., an MRM.…”

Section: Visual External Communication Of Havs With Other Tra C Parti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting trust in HAVs of following manual drivers through implicit and explicit communication during minimal risk maneuvers

Hess

Lau

Wilbrink

et al. 2023

Front. Comput. Sci.

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The successful integration of highly automated vehicles (HAV) in future mixed traffic environments will depend, among other things, on their seamless, safe, and accepted interaction with other road users. Therefore, appropriate combination of light signals, as external human-machine interface (eHMI), and driving behavior, as dynamic human-machine interface (dHMI), is required consistently in order to develop trust of following manual drivers in HAVs. Especially, in borderline traffic scenarios where HAVs are confronted with challenges, such as loss of connectivity, so-called minimal risk maneuvers (MRMs) are performed abruptly. Here, understanding communication via eHMI and dHMI is crucial for road safety, as drivers need to prepare for maneuvers themselves. Therefore, two consecutive, explorative online video studies were conducted. Firstly, the appropriate braking dynamics for an MRM were evaluated. Secondly, insights into the eHMI communication strategy of an HAV during an MRM were gained. The overall aim of this work is to present strategies for implicit and explicit communication channels of an HAV in order to promote learned trust during MRMs from the perspective of drivers who follow them. The results show that adding novel eHMI designs (e.g., warning sign, 360° LED light-band) to conventional light signals positively affects the user experience in a first contact interaction. The findings could have a positive impact on the development of trust in HAVs. In conclusion, specific eHMI communication strategies can be highly supportive for following manual drivers in MRM scenarios, which may lead to legislative considerations in the future.

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“…References: [22,[33][34][35]. Rationale: The communication of the CAV must be consistent and shall not send any contradicting messages to avoid a feeling of uncertainty.…”

Section: Principle A3: Prosocial Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles for External Human–Machine Interfaces

Wilbrink,

Cieler,

Weiß

et al. 2023

Information

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Automated vehicles will soon be integrated into our current traffic system. This development will lead to a novel mixed-traffic environment where connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) will have to interact with other road users (ORU). To enable this interaction, external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) have been shown to have major benefits regarding the trust and acceptance of CAVs in multiple studies. However, a harmonization of eHMI signals seems to be necessary since the developed signals are extremely varied and sometimes even contradict each other. Therefore, the present paper proposes guidelines for designing eHMI signals, taking into account important factors such as how and in which situations a CAV needs to communicate with ORU. The authors propose 17 heuristics, the so-called eHMI-principles, as requirements for the safe and efficient use of eHMIs in a systematic and application-oriented manner.

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One Solution Fits All? Evaluating Different Communication Strategies of a Light-based External Human-Machine Interface for Differently Sized Automated Vehicles from a Pedestrian’s Perspective

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

A binary acceleration signal reduces overestimation in pedestrians’ visual time-to-collision estimation for accelerating vehicles

A binary acceleration signal reduces overestimation in pedestrians’ visual time-to-collision estimation for accelerating vehicles

Promoting trust in HAVs of following manual drivers through implicit and explicit communication during minimal risk maneuvers

Principles for External Human–Machine Interfaces

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