One size does not fit all: variation in thermal eco-physiology among Pacific salmonids

Zillig, Kenneth W.; Lusardi, Robert A.; Moyle, Peter B.; Fangue, Nann A.

doi:10.1007/s11160-020-09632-w

Cited by 40 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…While a number of fish species are close to their thermal limits where temperature can directly influence survival, non‐lethal temperature changes can also significantly alter key life history processes (Jeffries et al 2016; Brown et al 2016 b ; Zillig et al 2021). Some life history processes are dependent on absolute temperatures, but we do not make absolute temperature predictions in this paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonally variable relationships between surface water temperature and inflow in the upper San Francisco Estuary

Bashevkin

Mahardja

2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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Water temperature and inflow are key environmental drivers in aquatic systems that are linked through a causal web of factors including climate, weather, water management, and their downstream linkages. However, we do not yet fully understand the relationship between inflow and water temperature, especially in complex managed systems such as estuaries. The San Francisco Estuary is the center of a critical water supply infrastructure and home to a deteriorating ecosystem with several declining fish species at the warm edge of their thermal range. We used generalized additive modeling of long‐term monitoring data to evaluate the relationship between inflow and water temperature along with its spatio‐seasonal variability. Most commonly, we found a negative temperature‐inflow relationship in which water temperatures increased as inflow decreased, up to 2°C from high‐ to low‐inflow years. However, the opposite (positive) relationship was observed in the winter months, and in the western (downstream) regions from July–September, up to − 1.2°C from high‐ to low‐inflow years. These results were upheld by models that included the long‐term temperature trend or used salinity as a proxy for location. Upstream factors likely played the biggest role in the summer when local precipitation is negligible, whereas local precipitation and the related weather conditions may drive much of the winter pattern. Although further mechanistic studies are needed to infer the direct effect of dam releases on water temperatures, these results provide a broader understanding of the impacts of flood and drought dynamics for those tasked with managing estuarine ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonally variable relationships between surface water temperature and inflow in the upper San Francisco Estuary

Bashevkin

Mahardja

2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Scientific and policy communities acknowledge the need for maintaining or restoring natural flow variability to sustain the ecological health of fluvial ecosystems given the growing evidence of the potential negative consequences of altered flow regimes on these systems and the fisheries they support [26]. Understanding the potential effects of altered flow regimes on fisheries productivity and the linkage to extreme fluctuations in the thermal regime facilitates avoidance of uncertainties when assessing flow-fish productivity to enable adaptive management [19,24]. Because alterations in the variance of riverine thermal regimes occur in response to anthropogenic events, these issues may inevitably become more problematic as climate change predictably progresses in-step with the demand for water [10,25,[85][86][87].…”

Section: Management Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential for thermal variance in river water, as a function of flow management, to effect biological and ecological processes suggests that more emphasis should be placed on collection, analysis, monitoring, and archiving variability in long-term flow and water temperature data. As noted by Zillig et al [24] "Simple static temperature criteria can be improved by incorporating local data on salmonid fundamental physiology and on ecological conditions to produce population-specific thermal management strategies." We believe this suggestion also applies in a coordinated way to both hatchery operations and simultaneously down river at multiple locations within traditional natural area spawning sites.…”

Section: Management Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species with a narrow thermal ''niche'' are particularly vulnerable to alterations in water temperature regimes [21]; and taxa adapted to coldwater habitats may be especially vulnerable to the increases in temperature that commonly result from human influences [22,23]. Thus, it is critical that fisheries resource managers understand how variation in thermal physiology yields population-specific thermal performance [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because conventional analyses tend to oversimplify modeling by ignoring critical elements of thermal diversity by placing greater emphasis on simplistic lethal maxima underlying most water quality standards [32]. For example, in fisheries management use of landscape models to predict future distributions of species generally employ temperature means but not fluctuations in thermal variability [24,[33][34][35]. Accentuating this complexity are alterations in the "natural" thermal variance originating from extrinsically managed hydrographs at seasonal, weekly, and daily scales as a function of reservoir operations, dam discharges, water diversions, and actions associated with in-river geomorphological restoration [3,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Thermal Variance and Hatchery Estimates of Fertility in a Multispecies Assemblage of Anadromous Salmonids in Response to Managed Flows

Sullivan¹,

Hileman²

2021

AEER

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Our study sought to identify a regional explanation for declining fertility in stocks of co-occurring salmonids in the upper Trinity River, northern California, USA. We focused on evaluating the relationship between thermal variance in river water and hatchery-measured estimates of female fertility as a function of highly managed annual flow regimes. We evaluated annual and seasonal variation in volume of flow and water temperature in response to managed flows associated with annual in-river restoration actions. We assessed the relationship between flow-mediated thermal variance in river water and estimates of fertility in hatchery parental bloodstock in a multi-species assemblage of co-occurring anadromous salmonids. Results of our study found: 1) significant differences between flow-types in flow volume and the thermal variance evaluated with reference to the historical run-time schedule of each taxon; 2) significant differences among species-specific flow-types for each environmental variable measured; 3) significant declines in the averaged daily number of total eggs harvested in all species except steelhead; 4) significant differences in the estimates of fertility for all species-specific flow-types, in which 83.3% of planned pairwise comparisons differed between flow-types for each taxon; 5) significant declines in the annual estimates of fertility in all species; and 6) significant negative correlations between species-specific estimates of fertility and thermal variance in water temperature. Overall, our findings suggest that increased temperature variation from managed flows may reduce estimates of fertility in hatchery-spawned salmonids; and that concordant patterns in response to thermal variance in species with divergent life histories may in part be a function of anthropogenic altered flow regimes on ecosystem processes and the fisheries resources they support.

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Forestry impacts on stream flows and temperatures: A quantitative synthesis of paired catchment studies across the Pacific salmon range

Naman,

Pitman,

Cunningham

et al. 2024

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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Forestry is pervasive across temperate North America and may influence aquatic environmental conditions such as flows and temperatures, as well as important species such as Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). While there have been many large‐scale forestry experiments using paired catchment designs, these studies have yet to be quantitatively synthesized. Thus, it remains unclear whether forestry impacts are consistent, context‐dependent or unpredictable. This study aims to quantitatively synthesize forestry impacts on streamflow and temperature, through a systematic review and synthesis of paired catchment studies across the range of Pacific salmon. Specifically, we investigated whether generalizable relationships exist between forestry intensity (percent watershed harvested) and impacts to streamflow and temperature. We also examined whether watershed features (climate, hydrology and lithology) and harvest method mediated forestry impacts. We extracted information from 35 unique paired‐catchments from California to Alaska. Forestry had strong impacts on peak and low flows and maximum summer water temperatures, but responses were quite variable. Across all catchments, forestry elevated peak flows ~20% (n = 31 catchments), reduced low flows ~25% (n = 13 catchments) and increased maximum summer temperatures ~15% (n = 35 catchments) on average. However, these impacts were variable and were not predictable based on forestry intensity, thus broader stressor–response relationships were not supported. Forestry impacts on peak flows and maximum summer temperatures varied spatially. Peak flow impacts increased with northward latitude and temperature impacts decreased with eastward longitude. However, the magnitude of impacts were unrelated to other watershed attributes, which included climate (precipitation and aridity), rain versus snow hydrology, elevation and bedrock lithology. Harvest method and riparian buffer presence also had no detected effects on forestry impacts across studies and statistical models explained a low proportion of variation overall. Collectively, our results indicate that forestry can have substantial impacts on key environmental conditions; however, the magnitude of impact was variable and could not be clearly linked to easily measured watershed characteristics. This implies that forestry impacts may not be broadly predictable. Probabilistic risk models based on distributions of potential impacts may therefore be more useful for watershed management in data‐poor situations.

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One size does not fit all: variation in thermal eco-physiology among Pacific salmonids

Cited by 40 publications

References 126 publications

Seasonally variable relationships between surface water temperature and inflow in the upper San Francisco Estuary

Seasonally variable relationships between surface water temperature and inflow in the upper San Francisco Estuary

Relationship between Thermal Variance and Hatchery Estimates of Fertility in a Multispecies Assemblage of Anadromous Salmonids in Response to Managed Flows

Forestry impacts on stream flows and temperatures: A quantitative synthesis of paired catchment studies across the Pacific salmon range

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