In this work we introduce notions in Auslander-Buchweitz theory and cotorsion theory in extriangulated categories which extend the given ones for abelian categories. Although these notions have been already developed for extriangulated categories in remarkable works, in this paper, we tackle them in a relative sense by considering subcategories of objects. This approach not only covers the existing theory given on abelian, exact and triangulated categories, but it also shows how to get similar results with an appropriate treatment of local properties. 2020 MSC: 18G25 (18G10; 18G20; 18G35).