“…For instance, Fe(III)-porphyrin has facilitated the utilization of precursors such as benzo-1,2-quinones, aryl aldehydes, and ammonium acetate in benzimidazole synthesis. [8] Likewise, palladium-mediated reactions involving metal carbonyls, aryl halides, and o-diaminobenzenes have enabled in situ aldehyde formation to produce the desired products. [9] A novel approach utilizing carbon monoxide, aryl halides, o-diaminobenzenes, and manganese (Mn) metal catalyst has also been reported for benzimidazole synthesis.…”