One‐Pot Synthesis of Pegylated Fluorescent Nanoparticles by RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization Using a Phase Inversion Process

Grazon, Chloé; Rieger, Jutta; Méallet‐Renault, Rachel; Clavier, Gilles; Charleux, Bernadette

doi:10.1002/marc.201100008

Cited by 34 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Model analysis showed that Equation (3) can only be used for the green region (excellent control) in Figure 4b with still a limited impact of RAFT cross-termination and diffusional limitation on the RAFT process. The latter is consistent with the hypothesis of a degenerative RAFT system for the derivation of Equation (3). Outside the green region Equation (3) does not hold, due to a too high formation of RAFT cross-termination products, a too low RAFT exchange rate or the too strong decrease of the apparent RAFT addition rate coefficient because of diffusional limitations.…”

Section: Model-based Design Toward the Identification Of Optimal Raftsupporting

confidence: 81%

An Update on the Pivotal Role of Kinetic Modeling for the Mechanistic Understanding and Design of Bulk and Solution RAFT Polymerization

Rybel

Steenberge

Reyniers

et al. 2016

Macro Theory & Simulations

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The importance of the development of kinetic modeling tools to mechanistically understand and design bulk and solution reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is highlighted. Both deterministic and stochastic kinetic modeling methods are covered, considering a detailed reaction scheme and accounting for the impact of diffusional limitations on the reaction rates. A novel strategy is introduced to fundamentally calculate the diffusional contributions for the apparent RAFT addition and fragmentation rate coefficients. Next to literature examples, case studies are included to demonstrate that detailed theoretical studies are indispensable to completely map the effect of the polymerization conditions and RAFT agent reactivity on the control over microstructural properties and the overall polymerization time. Guidelines for future kinetic modeling activities are formulated to enhance joined theoretical and experimental research.

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Section: Model-based Design Toward the Identification Of Optimal Raftsupporting

confidence: 81%

An Update on the Pivotal Role of Kinetic Modeling for the Mechanistic Understanding and Design of Bulk and Solution RAFT Polymerization

Rybel

Steenberge

Reyniers

et al. 2016

Macro Theory & Simulations

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“…It was found that the double sulfonated surfmer, in particular, was responsive to quenching by NaI or methyl viologen and could thus be of potential use as a sensor for the detection of fluorescence resonance energy transfer effects. [143] A α-vinyl-ω-amino-functionalized PEO macromonomer was used for the emulsion copolymerization with styrene, resulting in aminofunctional PS particles; the amine group at the particle surface was then used for the chelation of fluorescent Eu 3+ (Table 10, entry 4). The generated triblock copolymer self-assembled at basic pH and could be precipitated at an acidic pH.…”

Section: Surfactants With Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Colloidal Stabilization

Bijlard

Wald

Crespy

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

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acids), and protective agents. The unifying concept and key property of colloidal stabilizers is to provide a significant repulsion between the individual dispersed particles, making the heterophase system kinetically stable, which is typically accomplished via electrostatic or steric stabilization.Functional colloid stabilization provides additional features in addition to simple repulsion via physisorbed molecules. In fact, it is surprising that the majority of artificial heterophase systems have overlooked the simple and efficient possibility of spatially resolved chemical modification. The utilization of surface-active functional stabilizers is a fast and flexible method to obtain colloidal particles with strongly improved interaction properties. This functionalization has proved extremely material-and time-efficient. Due to the self-assembling ability of the stabilizers, the functional groups allow for an exact positioning of chemical and physical interaction sites directly in the surface region of the colloidal particle.The purpose of this review is to highlight functional colloidal stabilization as defined above. Our main focus concentrates on reactive systems, especially heterophase polymerization in oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions; a waterin-oil emulsion is regarded as an inverse emulsion. We differentiate between various types of surfactants which can either adsorb or react to the dispersed material with one segment, while the second part of the amphiphile stabilizes the dispersion. The stability of emulsions can be obtained by either low or high mole cular weight surfactants. Additionally, we distinguish between surfactants from so-called protective colloids of higher mole cular weight without significant self-aggregation properties. Throughout this review, the literature on functional colloidal stabilizers was revised and classified according to molecular weight, preparation technique, chemical structure, and stimuli-responsive behavior. Certain aspects such as inorganic/organic hybrids, or bioconjugates with sequence-defined structures such as peptides and nucleotides, are not in the scope of the present review and will only be briefly described when relevant.The review is structured as follows: we start with a brief summary of conventional low molecular weight (Section 2.1) and polymeric surfactants (Section 2.2) which typically lack of additional function besides the colloid stabilization. Only some of these also industrially used surfactants carry, for example, olefins or hydroxyl-groups embedded in their chemical structure, but do not have additional handles to the colloids. After this Surfactants can stabilize colloids in dispersion; however, also additional chemical or physical functions can be added by the surfactant chemistry to the colloid. This review covers functional colloid stabilization whereby supplementary features in addition to simple repulsion via physisorbed mole cules are described. The utilization of surface-active functional stabilizers as a fast and flexibl...

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“…12 For example, polymers with BODIPY fluorophores in their side chains can be assembled with relatively simple synthetic procedures to efficiently generate covalent constructs with a brightness that can also approach 10 4 mM −1 cm −1 . 23,24 Nonetheless, the hydrodynamic diameter ( d H ) of these fluorescent constructs, as well as those of their noncovalent counterparts, exceeds 50 nm in most instances. 16–20 Such physical dimensions are more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than those of a single chromophore and can have detrimental effects on the supramolecular association of the targeting agent, as well as complicate administration in vivo and clearance from the organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioimaging with Macromolecular Probes Incorporating Multiple BODIPY Fluorophores

et al. 2017

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Seven macromolecular constructs incorporating multiple borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorophores along a common poly(methacrylate) backbone with decyl and oligo-(ethylene glycol) side chains were synthesized. The hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) components impose solubility in aqueous environment on the overall assembly. The hydrophobic decyl chains effectively insulate the fluorophores from each other to prevent detrimental interchromophoric interactions and preserve their photophysical properties. As a result, the brightness of these multicomponent assemblies is approximately three times greater than that of a model BODIPY monomer. Such a high brightness level is maintained even after injection of the macromolecular probes in living nematodes, allowing their visualization with a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, relative to the model monomer, and no cytotoxic or behavioral effects. The covalent scaffold of these macromolecular constructs also permits their subsequent conjugation to secondary antibodies. The covalent attachment of polymer and biomolecule does not hinder the targeting ability of the latter and the resulting bioconjugates can be exploited to stain the tubulin structure of model cells to enable their visualization with optimal signal-to-noise ratios. These results demonstrate that this particular structural design for the incorporation of multiple chromophores within the same covalent construct is a viable one to preserve the photophysical properties of the emissive species and enable the assembly of bioimaging probes with enhanced brightness.

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One‐Pot Synthesis of Pegylated Fluorescent Nanoparticles by RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization Using a Phase Inversion Process

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

An Update on the Pivotal Role of Kinetic Modeling for the Mechanistic Understanding and Design of Bulk and Solution RAFT Polymerization

An Update on the Pivotal Role of Kinetic Modeling for the Mechanistic Understanding and Design of Bulk and Solution RAFT Polymerization

Functional Colloidal Stabilization

Bioimaging with Macromolecular Probes Incorporating Multiple BODIPY Fluorophores

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