One-pot synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials from carbon dioxide via electrolysis in molten carbonate salts

Wu, Hongjun; Li, Zhida; Ji, Deqiang; Liu, Yue; Li, Lili; Yuan, Dandan; Zhang, Zhonghai; Ren, Jiawen; Lefler, Matthew; Wang, Baohui; Licht, Stuart

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.05.031

Cited by 110 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…3 that exhibits a dramatic morphological evolution. It has been proved that the microscopic morphology and structure of the deposited carbon product are remarkably affected by the composition of the mixed molten carbonates, 21 and here, this dependence is veried again. Carbon product obtained from a binary mixture of carbonates (Li-Na, 50 : 50 wt%) possesses a very interesting microstructure that is formed by an accumulation of carbon spherical particles with a wide diameter distribution.…”

Section: Micromorphology and Microstructure Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…4b and d), growing under/mixed with carbon spheres. Throughout the previous reports, ake-like electrodeposited carbon samples are shown to be a common micromorphology, 21,23 whose thickness is also visibly affected by electrolytic temperature and applied cell voltage/current density. Li-Na mixed carbonates are considered to be an efficient, economic, stable electrolyte for CO 2 capture and electrochemical conversion as it can simultaneously decrease required energy to reach molten state than pure Li 2 CO 3 electrolyte and doesn't contain K 2 CO 3 that is speculated to be the most corrosive to nickel anode among Li-Na-K carbonates.…”

Section: -30mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…15,16 With the aid of eutectic salts electrolyte, CO 2 can be captured and subsequently converted into carbon monoxide (CO), 17 solid carbon 18,19 and even valuable chemicals of carbon nanobers (CNFs) or their hollow form of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 20,21 that are widely applied in the manufacture of reinforced composites due to outstanding mechanical properties. Presently, carbonates, especially alkali carbonates of Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 and K 2 CO 3 , are widely recognised as the optimum choice for CO 2 capture and conversion, but to the best of our knowledge, rare work is dedicated to investigate the effect of carbonates composition on carbon production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of molten carbonate composition on the generation of carbon material

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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Carbon dioxide, CO 2 , is thought to be a main culprit leading to global climate change and a wide variety of strategies have been proposed to reduce atmospheric CO 2 levels. Here, CO 2 is captured and subsequently electrochemically split into carbon materials in an electrolyzer comprising a eutectic mixture of carbonates, an Fe cathode and a Ni anode, at 600 C and current densities of 50, 100, 200 mA cm À2 . SEM, EDS, XRD and BET are employed to analyze the morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure as well as the BET surface area of the synthetic cathodic products. In addition, coulomb efficiency under different electrolytic conditions is measured via the comparison between moles of formed carbon product and the Faradays of charge passed during the electrolysis reaction. This paper investigated the effect of molten carbonate compositions on carbon product generation, and confirmed the visible dependence of produced carbon on the electrolytes.

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Section: Micromorphology and Microstructure Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: -30mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of molten carbonate composition on the generation of carbon material

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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“…Consequently, molten carbonate electrolysis cells could be more competitive than other conversion technologies such as hydrogenation and electrochemical reduction in chlorides or ionic liquids. 8 Several studies [9][10][11][12] have been carried out on CO 2 reduction but its specific mechanism in molten carbonate is not fully justified yet. It has been suggested that CO 2 can be reduced indirectly through the reduction of carbonates and their regeneration by absorption of CO 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Chronopotentiometric Approach of CO₂Reduction in Molten Carbonates

Brouzgou

Crapart

Albin

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carbon capture and valorization is a new route increasingly discussed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the paths foreseen for CO 2 valorization is its transformation into fuels by electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. In this approach, molten carbonates are of particular interest since they can be used to capture CO 2 molecule because of its high solubility; hence, valorization by electrolysis is possible in molten carbonate media. To better understand CO 2 reduction, chronopotentiometric and chronoamperometric techniques were used at gold and graphite electrodes immersed in four alkali carbonate eutectics, Li-Na, Li-K, Li-Na-K and Na-K. The results complemented a previous work based on cyclic voltammetry and confirmed the existence of a main CO 2 reduction phenomena around −1.2 V vs Ag/Ag + that involves two one-electron steps or a two-electron unique step. Transition time analysis showed that the reduction mechanism is either simultaneous reduction of CO 2 adsorbed and diffusion species or rapid equilibrium between adsorbed and diffusing species. Furthermore, we identified another electrochemical system involving adsorbed CO 2 and CO at higher potentials. In summary, we have succeeded in proving and précising some previous results, as well as identifying reduction mechanisms.

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“…As time of growth increases in both CNT synthesis techniques, CNT yield increases. Some studies using electrochemical growth processes have speculated on the role of time on synthesis products, 69 but careful time-dependent studies remain largely elusive in characterizing the electrode-catalyst-carbonate interface evolution and its impact on the growth. On a similar note, whereas many studies of gas phase CNT growths have focused on the effect of substrate and catalyst support materials, 37 no work has looked at the effect of different substrates for liquid carbonate CO 2 electrolysis growth.…”

Section: Synthesis-structure Relationship For Cnt Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Electrochemical Growth of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene from Ambient Carbon Dioxide: Synergy with Conventional Gas-Phase Growth Mechanisms

Douglas

Pint

2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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The rising levels of atmospheric CO 2 threaten the promise of human sustainability on earth. Electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into secondary chemicals and materials presents the most economically viable approach to solve this global challenge, and provides a method to utilize otherwise wasted CO 2 as a chemical feedstock for the production of valuable products. Challenged by the processing cost versus value of converted materials, known routes for the production of hydrocarbons and alcohol products remain impractical. Electrochemical CO 2 conversion into high-value carbon nanostructures presents a new area of research with the opportunity to build upon the last two decades of understanding of gas-phase synthesis processes for fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. However, efforts so far to convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into functional carbon materials are limited by a systems-level approach that provides only coarse control over the types and quality of materials that can be synthesized. In this short review, we make a strong case for the synergy between the catalytic mechanisms that have been developed over past decades to understand carbon nanostructure growth and the emerging research area where electrochemical reduction of ambient CO 2 can be used to produce carbon nanostructured materials. This presents a new opportunity for researchers to address one of the most pressing environmental issues for modern mankind with the synthesis of carbon materials that will shape our future. The increased concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2atm ), predominantly due to anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel consumption, challenges the promise of long-term human sustainability on Earth. The rate of increase in anthropogenic CO 2 emissions has more than doubled to over 2.5% from 2000-2014, compared to the previous 1.1% for the period from 1990-1999. 1 If this rate of emissions remains constant over the next 40 years, the atmospheric concentration of CO 2 will be over double pre-industrial levels. The impact of CO 2 on global climate change has attracted the attention of researchers in efforts to develop technologies that can achieve a reduction in CO 2atm to a level of sustainability.2-5 Renewable energy sources is one specific approach, even though for established centralized power grids, such as that in the United States, only a low abundance of intermittent energy production can be managed. Additionally, limitations to widely proposed carbon storage techniques include the volume of available storage sites (depleted oil and natural gas reserves) and high probability of leaks. 1To address this, recent efforts have considered the capture of CO 2 from release points, such as power plants, and conversion into chemicals including formic acid, methanol, CO, and ethylene. 6 In this technique, CO 2 acts as the chemical feedstock for the manufacturing of useful chemicals and provides the potential for a viable secondary market for otherwise pollutant gases, which are normally expensive to sequester...

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One-pot synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials from carbon dioxide via electrolysis in molten carbonate salts

Cited by 110 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of molten carbonate composition on the generation of carbon material

Effect of molten carbonate composition on the generation of carbon material

Chronopotentiometric Approach of CO₂Reduction in Molten Carbonates

Review—Electrochemical Growth of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene from Ambient Carbon Dioxide: Synergy with Conventional Gas-Phase Growth Mechanisms

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One-pot synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials from carbon dioxide via electrolysis in molten carbonate salts

Cited by 110 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of molten carbonate composition on the generation of carbon material

Effect of molten carbonate composition on the generation of carbon material

Chronopotentiometric Approach of CO2Reduction in Molten Carbonates

Review—Electrochemical Growth of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene from Ambient Carbon Dioxide: Synergy with Conventional Gas-Phase Growth Mechanisms

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Chronopotentiometric Approach of CO₂Reduction in Molten Carbonates