One‐pot synthesis, characterization, and field emission investigations of composites of polypyrrole with graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and graphene nanoribbons

Abstract

Pyrrole monomer was polymerized by a chemical oxidative route in the presence of graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and graphene nanoribbons (GNR) separately to prepare composites of polypyrrole (PPy) as PPy–GO, PPy–rGO, and PPy–GNR, respectively. The morphological, chemical, and structural characterization of the as‐synthesized products was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Field emission studies of the PPy–GO, PPy–rGO, and PPy–GNR emitters were performed at the base pressure of 1 × 10−8 mbar in a planar “diode” configuration. The turn‐on field values, corresponding to an emission current density of 1 µA/cm2, are observed to be 1.5, 2.2, and 0.9 V/µm for the PPy–GO, PPy–rGO, and PPy–GNR emitters, respectively. The maximum emission current density of 2.5 mA/cm2 is drawn from PPy–GO at an applied electric field of 3.2 V/µm, 1.2 mA/cm2 at 3.6 V/µm from the PPy–rGO, and 8 mA/cm2 at 2.2 V/µm from the PPy–GNR emitters. All of the composites exhibit good emission stability over more than 2 h. The results indicate the potential for a facile route for synthesizing composites of conducting polymers and graphene‐based materials, with enhanced functionality. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45170.

Detection of protamine based on competitive adsorption onto the surface of functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes

“…For the PyB FT‐IR spectra (Figure 6a), the peaks at 2920, 1654, 1588, 1496, and 1069 cm −1 are attributed to the N–H, C–O, C–N, and C–C stretching vibration modes and C–H deformation vibrations in the polypyrrole ring, respectively. Similarly, for the PyY FT‐IR spectra (Figure 6b), the peaks at 2920, 1651, 1590, 1496, and 1027 cm −1 are attributed to the N–H, C–O, C–N, and C–C stretching vibration modes and C–H deformation vibrations in the polypyrrole ring [52, 53]. For COO‐MWCNT spectrum, an asymmetric methyl stretching band at 2320 cm −1 and asymmetric/symmetric methylene stretching bands at 2120 and 1994 cm −1 were observed, respectively (Figure 6a,b).…”

Employing a Carbon-Based Nanocomposite as a Diffusive Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent for Methamphetamine for Therapeutic Purposes

“…The resulting dark mixture was centrifuged and then rinsed three times using water and ethanol. The resulting black nanocomposite was placed in the oven to dry at 50 °C and used as a DSPE adsorbent [26].…”

Functionalization of Graphene Derivatives with Conducting Polymers and Their Applications in Uric Acid Detection

“…The characteristic bands of GO and PPy were revealed in IR absorbance spectra, with the bands situated at 1730, 1614, 1217, and 1051 cm −1 being assigned to the stretching vibration of C=O, C=C sp 2 vibration, o the stretching vibration of C-O bond from the epoxy group, and the stretching vibration of C-O from the alkoxy group, respectively, together with a large band situated at 3199 cm −1 corresponding to O-H stretching vibration; whereas the IR bands at 1545 and 1470 cm −1 corresponded to the stretching vibrations of C-C and C-N from the Py ring, respectively [50]. The bands at 1178 and 921 cm −1 corresponded to the doped state of PPy [51], while the sharp band at 1047 cm −1 was assigned to the deformation vibration of C-H bonds and stretching vibration of N-H bonds [52]. The bands corresponding to GO (1792 cm −1 ) and PPy (1545 and 1470 cm −1 ) were also visible in GO/PPy and AuNPs@GO/PPy spectra.…”