One-pot sequential electrochemical deposition of multilayer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid)/tungsten trioxide hybrid films and their enhanced electrochromic properties

Abstract

A multilayer PEDOT:PSS/WO3 hybrid is prepared via one-pot sequential electrodeposition and it shows significantly enhanced electrochromic properties.

Layer-by-Layer Assembly of PEDOT:PSS and WO3 Nanoparticles: Enhanced Electrochromic Coloration Efficiency and Mechanism Studies by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

“…As reported by Deepa et al, PEDOT:PSS/WO 3 composite films with PEDOT:PSS as the major component can exhibit a high coloration efficiency comparable to that of PEDOT:PSS; while the electrochemical response of WO 3 was preserved in the hybrid [10]. The interactions between the organic and inorganic components also stabilize the defects in WO 3 , leading to good electrochemical stability of the hybrids with WO 3 as the major component [8,9,11]. Furthermore, although with cations (M = H + , Na + and Li + ) inserted, M x WO 3 displays metallic conductivity due to its oxygen-vacancy defects [12], the fully oxidized WO 3 is an n-type semiconductor with extremely low electrical conductivity.…”

“…Polycrystalline WO 3 has better chemical and electrochemical stabilities than a-WO 3 , whereas the electrochromic switching process for the polycrystalline WO 3 is slower than that for a-WO 3 because the diffusion of ions is hindered by the crystalline regions [7]. Electrochromic CPs usually exhibit relatively fast switching speed and high coloration efficiency, and hence have been combined with WO 3 to improve its electrochromic properties [8,9]. In particular, both poly(styrenesulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS) and WO 3 are cathodically coloring materials, and can be simultaneously switched to colored or bleached state [8].…”

“…Electrochromic CPs usually exhibit relatively fast switching speed and high coloration efficiency, and hence have been combined with WO 3 to improve its electrochromic properties [8,9]. In particular, both poly(styrenesulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS) and WO 3 are cathodically coloring materials, and can be simultaneously switched to colored or bleached state [8]. As reported by Deepa et al, PEDOT:PSS/WO 3 composite films with PEDOT:PSS as the major component can exhibit a high coloration efficiency comparable to that of PEDOT:PSS; while the electrochemical response of WO 3 was preserved in the hybrid [10].…”

Surface Modification of Over-Lithiated Layered Oxides with PEDOT:PSS Conducting Polymer in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…The peaks assigned at 980, 1310, and 1513 cm −1 correspond to C-S, C-C, and C=C bonds, respectively, which originate from the thiophene ring in PEDOT. [38][39][40] The peak of the vibration at 1083 cm −1 is observed owing to the C-O-C bond stretch from the ethylenedioxy group. Evidence of PSS is also found at 1030 and 1180 cm −1 , which corresponds to the bonds of O-S-O and S=O, respectively.…”

“…Evidence of PSS is also found at 1030 and 1180 cm −1 , which corresponds to the bonds of O-S-O and S=O, respectively. [38][39][40] In order to identify the effectiveness of the coating process and confirm the amount of coating materials, elemental analysis is performed, and the results are summarized in Table I. PEDOT:PSS alone contains 41.6% carbon and a small amount of sulfur, hydrogen, and nitrogen.…”