One-Pot Preparation of Metal–Polymer Nanocomposites in Irradiated Aqueous Solutions of 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and Silver Ions

Abstract

Metal–polymer nanocomposite polyvinyltriazole–silver nanoparticles were obtained using one-pot synthesis in irradiated aqueous solutions of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (VT) and silver ions. Gel permeation chromatography data show that upon radiation initiation, the molecular weight of poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) increases with increasing monomer concentration. To study the kinetics of polymerization and the features of the radiation–chemical formation of nanoparticles, UV-Vis spectroscopy was used. TEM images show a relatively small average size of the forming nanoparticles (2–3 nm) and a narrow size distribution, which shows the effective stabilization of nanoparticles by triazole substituents at a molar ratio of VT and silver ions of 25/1. The addition of ethyl alcohol was used to increase the efficiency of synthesis and suppress the crosslinking of macromolecules in solution. The results of the work show that aqueous–alcoholic solutions of 1 wt.% VT can be used to obtain soluble nanocomposite materials. 10 wt.% monomer solutions have prospects for use in the preparation of polymer gels filled with nanoparticles.

Passive antifouling and active self-disinfecting antiviral surfaces

“…In general, metal-based antiviral surfaces can be grouped in two classes. The first class includes ‘pure’ metal surfaces, including entirely metallic products, whereas the second class includes products with metalized surfaces or coatings composed of metallic nanoparticles, often embedded in polymer matrix [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] .…”

“…For example, the strong affinity between metallic cations and nitrogen in the pyridyl group of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) or with oxygen in the ether groups of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylates (POEGMA) leads to immobilization of metallic cations in polymer coatings. Finally, metallic nanoparticles can be synthesized using different chemical approaches [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] . Typical micrographs of silver nanoparticles incorporated in P4VP coatings, provided by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, are presented in Figures 5 b and 5c, respectively.…”

Assembling of Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites in Irradiated Solutions of 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and Au(III) Ions: Features of Polymerization and Nanoparticles Formation

“…Depending on pH and the VT/Au(III) ratio, L could be either a low molecular weight ligand Cl − , OH − or another VT molecule [27,29]. All experiments were carried out in a slightly acidic medium at an initial pH value of 5.6 (±0.2), which ensures the generation of reducing species with high yields [16,20] and prevents the hydrolysis of Au(III) ions [29]. Such conditions proved to be favorable both for the reduction in metal ions (Au(III), Ag + , Cu 2+ ) in the presence of PVT and for the stabilization of nanoparticles by macromolecules [15,16,24,26,27].…”

“…Actually, various approaches for the preparation of AuNPs stabilized by polymer matrices were developed; nevertheless, the general strategy is apparently based on the reduction in Au (III) ions with various chemical agents in the presence of a suitable polymer [ 9 ]. However, in recent years, great efforts have been paid to the development of methods for the production of nanocomposites, providing the synthesis of nanoparticles and the formation of a stabilizing matrix in “one pot” [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In this respect, specific attention has been focused on the radiation chemical approach, which can ensure the opportunities for obtaining both soluble nanocomposites and gels [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

“…However, in recent years, great efforts have been paid to the development of methods for the production of nanocomposites, providing the synthesis of nanoparticles and the formation of a stabilizing matrix in “one pot” [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In this respect, specific attention has been focused on the radiation chemical approach, which can ensure the opportunities for obtaining both soluble nanocomposites and gels [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Furthermore, the radiation chemical method is a particularly attractive way to prepare high-purity nanocomposites without the use of a chemical reducing agent, since the irradiation of aqueous solutions leads to the generation of efficient and “clean” reducing species, such as hydrated electrons [ 20 , 21 ].…”