“…The biomedicinal use of antibiotics, such as tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl), norfloxacin, and levofloxacin, has resulted in a heightened focus on water contamination by these antibiotics in recent decades. [1][2][3][4] The challenge of antibiotic degradation in the environment has resulted in microbial resistance in water bodies, causing significant harm to human society. Therefore, it is crucial to explore stable and efficient methods to degrade antibiotics.…”