One-Pot Biosynthesis of Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) Nanoparticles in Aqueous Extract of Ficus carica Fruit and Their Application for Antioxidant and 4-Nitrophenol Reduction
“…The difference in the mean size as estimated by TEM and DLS occurs because in TEM, dry specimen is used for analysis while in DLS the aqueous dispersion of particles is measured [ 6 ]. This also may be due to the screening of smaller particles by a larger one or the presence of stabilizers/capping agents and hydration layer around the particles [ 9 , 10 , 28 ]. Figure 5 (a, b) HR-TEM images, (c) SAED pattern, and (d) DLS size distribution pattern of bee pollen synthesized AuNPs.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… kt = ln (A 0 /A t ) = ln (C 0 /C t ) where A 0 , A t , C 0 , and C t are the initial absorbance/concentration of 4-NP at time (t) = 0 and final absorbance/concentration after t minutes. The linear relationship between ln (A 0 /A t ) and time suggests the 1 st order kinetics [ 13 , 28 ].…”
“…The difference in the mean size as estimated by TEM and DLS occurs because in TEM, dry specimen is used for analysis while in DLS the aqueous dispersion of particles is measured [ 6 ]. This also may be due to the screening of smaller particles by a larger one or the presence of stabilizers/capping agents and hydration layer around the particles [ 9 , 10 , 28 ]. Figure 5 (a, b) HR-TEM images, (c) SAED pattern, and (d) DLS size distribution pattern of bee pollen synthesized AuNPs.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… kt = ln (A 0 /A t ) = ln (C 0 /C t ) where A 0 , A t , C 0 , and C t are the initial absorbance/concentration of 4-NP at time (t) = 0 and final absorbance/concentration after t minutes. The linear relationship between ln (A 0 /A t ) and time suggests the 1 st order kinetics [ 13 , 28 ].…”
“…The XRD pattern confirmed the purity of γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles, while TEM micrographs confirmed the formation of spherical and 4-6 nm sized nanoparticles. In addition, γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs showed considerable antioxidant activity against DPPH and catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (49.975 × 10 −3 min −1 ) using NaBH 4 [96]. Such desired advantages make Fe/FeO-NPs suitable for various bioengineering purposes and catalysis applications.…”
Section: Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The photocatalytic ability of the synthesized FeONPs was demonstrated by the degrading crystal violet dye under solar irradiation up to 80% [95]. Recently, Kumar et al (2021) reported a simple, one-pot and green method for the biosynthesis of single-phase maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles using an aqueous fruit extract from Ficus carica. The XRD pattern confirmed the purity of γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles, while TEM micrographs confirmed the formation of spherical and 4-6 nm sized nanoparticles.…”
Section: Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticlesmentioning
The green synthesis of nanoscale materials is of special interest to researchers all over the world. We describe a simple, robust, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of gold, silver, and iron nanoparticles using a variety of biomolecules/phytochemicals as potential reducers and stabilizers. The green approach to the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with different morphologies is based on the use of plant extracts. Green synthesized nanoparticles can be used as catalysts, photocatalysts, adsorbents, or alternative agents for the elimination of various organic dyes. The kinetic enhancement of nanoparticles for the degradation/removal of dyes could provide significant and valuable insights for the application of biochemically functionalized nanoparticles in engineering. In this review, current plant-mediated strategies for preparing nanoparticles of gold, silver, and iron are briefly described, and morphologically dependent nanoparticles for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater are highlighted. Overall, the approach presented in the article supports environmental protection and is a promising alternative to other synthesis techniques.
“…Among these AOPs, photocatalysis is a promising technique, which consists in the generation of hydroxyl radicals by a photocatalytic material under irradiation, leading to degradation of trace organic chemicals [9]. These photocatalytic materials are even more attractive if they can be obtained from widely available and low-cost precursors by using energy efficient and environmentally friendly methods that do not require toxic and expensive solvents [10][11][12][13]. Iron-based materials, for example, are widely used in heterogeneous photocatalysis because of their effectiveness, abundance, and low cost [14].…”
Fe/Ti-based compounds were synthesized from ferro-titaniferous mineral sands using aqueous oxalic acid under subcritical water (sCW) conditions (135°C/50 bar/4 h) and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated against methylene blue or caffeine under UV-A and visible radiation. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses revealed that the as-synthetized compounds were mainly comprised of ferrous oxalate, followed by titanium dioxide. This proved the complete transformation of the mineral precursor within 4 h using oxalic acid/sCW as the reaction medium. The photocatalytic studies showed that methylene blue and caffeine were photodegraded under UV-A and visible radiation by the as-synthesized Fe/Ti-based compounds. Methylene blue removal was up to 92.8 and 97.4% after 6 hours under UV-A or visible irradiation, respectively. Caffeine removal, however, reached 69.3 and 59.6% after 16 h of exposure to UV-A and visible light, respectively. The as-synthesized compounds can be potentially used as a ferrous-based catalyst in heterogeneous photocatalysis for decontamination of water systems from organic pollutants.
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