“…In contrast to those on α, γ, ε, and δ-MnO 2 , − ,,, studies on the controlled synthesis of β-MnO 2 with a high surface area have still been limited because the activation barrier for the transformation of other manganese oxides to β-MnO 2 has been reported to be high, although β-MnO 2 is a thermodynamically stable phase among the MnO 2 polymorphs. ,, Therefore, the hydrothermal synthesis of β-MnO 2 typically requires high reaction temperatures (150–180 °C) or long reaction times (12–48 h), which result in a significant increase in the β-MnO 2 particle size and low surface areas (3–35 m 2 g –1 ). ,,,, In contrast, soft- and hard-template methods for the synthesis of mesoporous β-MnO 2 materials with high surface areas (68–195 m 2 g –1 ) have been reported, despite the need for multistep procedures or the utilization of organic and inorganic templates or organic reductants. − ,, During the course of our investigations on catalytic biomass conversion and aerobic oxidation, − we have recently reported that β-MnO 2 can act as the most effective oxidation catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as a bioplastic monomer on the basis of combined computational and experimental studies . The successful synthesis of the high-surface-area β-MnO 2 nanoparticles by the simple calcination of precursors prepared from NaMnO 4 and MnSO 4 at 400 °C has resulted in significant improvement of the catalytic performance in comparison with β-MnO 2 synthesized under hydrothermal conditions ( β - MnO 2 - HT ) (Figures and S1).…”