One-pass conversion of benzene and syngas to alkylbenzenes by ZnAlO /ZSM-5 composite catalyst

Alkylation of benzene using CO2and H2over ZnZrOx/ZSM-5: the effect of Y doping

“…For the zeolite, ZSM-5 is widely applied in aromatic alkylation and MTA reactions, 12,[16][17][18] because of their adjustable acidity, thermal stability and shape-selective effect. 19 Importantly, product distribution can be effectively regulated by the rational design of ZSM-5. [20][21][22] The key to promoting this tandem reaction is the formation of intermediates over a CO 2 hydrogenation catalyst.…”

Toluene methylation with syngas to para-xylene by bifunctional ZnZrO -HZSM-5 catalysts

“…Economically, CO2 capture and green H2 production are energy intensive and expensive. By contrast, inexpensive syngas with a wide range of sources and mature production technology is easily activated [24]. Therefore, syngas is a potential methylation reagent for toluene methylation.…”

Suppression of Methane Formation by Regulating the Hydrogenation Capability of Metal Oxides in Alkylation of Benzene with Syngas

“…Generally, this purpose can be fulfilled employing methanol, methane, methyl chloride, and other C 1 resources ,, as methylation agent, among which the methanol route is the most compelling due to its low-cost nature and moderate operating conditions. Nevertheless, the main approach to the synthesis methanol is the hydrogenation of CO with hydrogen (H 2 ), wherein the CO conversion (∼10%) was strongly limited by thermodynamics leading to a high recycle ratio and energy waste. − Utilizing syngas directly as methylation agent offers an opportunity to surmount this drawback pertaining to the in situ consumption of methanol, which promotes the conversion of CO. − Briefly, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) reaction takes place by two steps, including the transformation of syngas into methanol over metal oxides and alkylation of benzene with methanol over zeolites, as sketched in Figure S1. − The hydrogenation of CO without C–O bond cleavage has been recognized as a typical mechanism for methanol formation, while in terms of the benzene alkylation with methanol, the concerted and stepwise mechanisms are widely acceptable, though it is still quite controversial as to which route is prevailing . Besides, some side reactions like water gas shift (WGS) reaction and syngas to light hydrocarbons also exists, resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) instead of water and C 1 –C 4 products.…”