One or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine in universal vaccination programs in children in 2020: A systematic review

Andani, Anar; Damme, Pierre Van; Bunge, Eveline M.; Salgado, Fernanda; Hoorn, Rosa C. van; Hoet, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.038

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The vaccine, alone or combined, is generally given as two to three doses at least 6 months apart. However, a single dose is effective and has been adopted in several countries [103,104]. Whether a single-dose HAV vaccine provides long-lasting immunity still needs further study.…”

Section: Hepatitis a Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

Migueres

Lhomme

Izopet

2021

Viruses

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The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. It is transmitted mainly by direct contact with patients who have been infected or by ingesting contaminated water or food. The virus is endemic in low-income countries where sanitary and sociodemographic conditions are poor. Paradoxically, improving sanitary conditions in these countries, which reduces the incidence of HAV infections, can lead to more severe disease in susceptible adults. The populations of developed countries are highly susceptible to HAV, and large outbreaks can occur when the virus is spread by globalization and by increased travel and movement of foodstuffs. Most of these outbreaks occur among high-risk groups: travellers, men who have sex with men, people who use substances, and people facing homelessness. Hepatitis A infections can be prevented by vaccination; safe and effective vaccines have been available for decades. Several countries have successfully introduced universal mass vaccination for children, but high-risk groups in high-income countries remain insufficiently protected. The development of HAV antivirals may be important to control HAV outbreaks in developed countries where a universal vaccination programme is not recommended.

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Section: Hepatitis a Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

Migueres

Lhomme

Izopet

2021

Viruses

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“…The decreased trend in ASMR of hepatitis A mainly benefits from vaccination strategy, increases in the quality of health care, and greater availability of liver transplantation [17,37,56,57]. The globally uneven distribution of these factors mentioned above may explain the discrepancy of decreased trend in ASMR of hepatitis A across regions [58][59][60]. There is no specific treatment for HAV infection and treatment relies on supportive management, underscoring the importance of prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 1999, several countries have introduced universal HAV vaccination of children against HAV obtained high HAV vaccination coverage across these countries [59]. For instance, despite slow uptake in the first three years universal HAV vaccination program introduction in Israel, HAV vaccination coverage reached about 90% between 2003 and 2011 [59,66]. In Greece, HAV vaccination coverage in 6-year-old children varied from 12.4 to 49.4% across different regions before universal HAV vaccination implementation and obtained more than 80% within 4 years postintroduction universal HAV vaccination [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Greece, HAV vaccination coverage in 6-year-old children varied from 12.4 to 49.4% across different regions before universal HAV vaccination implementation and obtained more than 80% within 4 years postintroduction universal HAV vaccination [67]. Previous studies reported that anti-HAV antibody persistence was up to 15 years post-vaccination in ≥ 90% of vaccinated children [59,68]. In adults, anti-HAV antibody persistence was up to 20 years post-vaccination and seropositivity rates could be ≥ 90% for up to 40 years and ≥ 85% for up to 50 years post-vaccination according to a mathematical modeling [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The global trends and regional differences in incidence and mortality of hepatitis A from 1990 to 2019 and implications for its prevention

et al. 2021

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Background and purpose Despite decades of improved sanitation and hygiene measures and vaccine introduction, hepatitis A has been spread through numerous outbreaks globally. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to quantify hepatitis A burden at the global, regional and national levels. Methods Annual incident cases, deaths, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of hepatitis A between 1990 and 2019 were derived from the GBD study 2019. Percentage changes of cases and deaths, and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASIRs and ASMRs were calculated to quantify their temporal trends. Results Global hepatitis A incident cases increased by 13.90% from 139.54 million in 1990 to 158.94 million in 2019. ASIR of hepatitis A remained stable (EAPC = 0.00, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.01), whereas ASMR decreased (EAPC = −4.63, 95% CI −4.94 to −4.32) between 1990 and 2019. ASIR increased in low (EAPC = 0.09, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.14) and low-middle (EAPC = 0.04, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.06) socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. For GBD regions, the most significant increases of ASIR were detected in high-income Asia Pacific (EAPC = 0.53, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.66), Oceania (EAPC = 0.31, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.36), and Australasia (EAPC = 0.28, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.44). EAPC of ASIR was positively associated with SDI value in countries and territories with SDI value ≥ 0.7 (ρ = −0.310, p < 0.001). Conclusion There is an unfavorable trend that hepatitis A is still pending in hyperendemic regions and is emerging in low endemic regions. These highlight the need of targeted and specific strategies to eliminate hepatitis A, such as sanitation measures and a comprehensive plan for surveillance and vaccination against hepatitis A.

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Risk assessment of norovirus and hepatitis A virus in strawberries imported into China

Zhong,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) pose a considerable health risk worldwide. In recent years, many cases of virus infection caused by virus‐contaminated strawberries have occurred worldwide. This study applied a critical control point system to analyze the main hazards during the production and marketing of strawberries imported into China and explore the key control points in the whole process. To further evaluate the risks in the supply chain, the established quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was used to determine the probability that residents would be infected with viruses after consuming imported strawberries. It was found that the risk of virus contamination from imported strawberries was low, and the virus contamination mainly results from water resources and personnel. This research helps the regulatory authorities formulate strategies to ensure the long‐term microbial safety of imported strawberries. In addition, the methods may prove useful in evaluating the risks of other agricultural produce.

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One or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine in universal vaccination programs in children in 2020: A systematic review

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

The global trends and regional differences in incidence and mortality of hepatitis A from 1990 to 2019 and implications for its prevention

Risk assessment of norovirus and hepatitis A virus in strawberries imported into China

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