One-millipound colloid thruster system development

Zafran, S.; Beynon, J. C.; Kidd, P.; Shelton, H.; Jackson, F.

doi:10.2514/6.1972-1153

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For several decades, researchers have studied and developed an electrospray colloid thruster (Bailey & Bracher, 1972;Velásquez-García, Akinwande, & Martínez-Sánchez, 2006a,b;Xiong, Zhou, Sun, & Ye, 2005;Zafran, Beynon, Kidd, Shelton, & Jackson, 1973). The ability to deliver thrust in the range of micro-Newtons is needed for the control of micro-satellites and for the execution of space missions that require very accurate positioning of spacecrafts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental and theoretical study of a cone-jet for an electrospray microthruster considering the interference effect in an array of nozzles

Tran

Byun

Lee

2007

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental and theoretical study of a cone-jet for an electrospray microthruster considering the interference effect in an array of nozzles

Tran

Byun

Lee

2007

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…Typical performances of the colloid thruster in these days include: a array with 27 X 16 emitters is 4 13 X lOinch in size, 8kg in weight. When glycerol doped with Nal is used as propellant and working voltage between its two electrodes is up to 12000V, the array can produce thrust on the order of lOmN, and specific impulse 1500s [7]. However, if such a thruster is designed for micro-spacecraft or pico-spacecraft, its size, weight and working voltage should be scale down ten times smaller, and its emitter density should much higher.…”

Section: Designingand Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Designing, fabrication, and test of a MEMS colloid thruster

Zhou

Xiong

et al. 2002

SPIE Proceedings

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A MEMS based micro colloid thruster (including an source emitter array and an extractor) is designed, fabricated and tested. Source emitter array of the thruster is silicon column etched by ICP. The negative electrode on the extractor can be controlled separately. After bonding together, a single emitter and extractor works on an electrical colloid propulsion principle, and produce ii N order thrust. Such a small and controllable thrust is the urgent requirement for a micro-satellite.Thrust test for the micro colloid thruster is made in high vacuum box. Thrust is acted on a cantilever beam, and the displacement of cantilever beam is detected by a current vortex sensor. Analysis to the recording data shows that the maxim thrust produced by a single emitter is about 2 ii N, which is agreement with theory estimate.

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“…As is the case with ion engines, high angle experimental data are sparse. However, measurements of the ADP beam show that 95% of the current is contained within 15° half angle 34 and that between 40° and 90°t he charged particle flux is small ( ~ 10 H particles/sec-ster) and consists of slow ions (probably Na+). Uncharged Particles.…”

Section: Colloid Thruster Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Communications Satellite Technology

Bargellini¹

1974

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One of the first applications of Earth-orbiting satellites considered was for intercontinental communications.Neither of the other means available--cables and high-frequency radio---completely meets the current requirements of intercontinental communications. A modern system must be capable of furnishing real-time contact between any two points on the Earth whenever the user or customer wants it. It must be reliable and it must be flexible. Cables are reliable but have fixed end points and, therefore, lack flexibility and require a high density of traffic between these points to justify their installation. Highfrequency radio, on the other hand, has the requisite flexibility and can provide communication between any two points having the necessary local fixed equipment; but it leaves much to be desired in reliability.It depends on the ionosphere acting as a reflector to direct the signals over the horizon, and the user is left at the mercy of a highly variable transmission path.Earth-orbiting satellites have, potentially at least, the answers to the shortcomings of both cables and high-frequency radio while still meeting the other requirements of intercontinental communications.Frequencies high enough to be independent of the ionosphere can be used to provide the high reliability without sacrificing the flexibility of high-frequency radio.There were, however, a number of problems to be solved before such a system could be considered practical from an operations viewpoint.A communications satellite system has been compared with a microwave relay system, and the similarities have been stressed.From the engineer's viewpoint, however, the differences are much more substantial.The distance between transmitter and receiver is much greater; the repeater must operate in an environment quite different from that on the Earth's surface, one that even now is not completely defined; the power available at the repeater is severely limited; the entire package must survive hunching and then operate for Before considering specific communications satellites, it is useful to examine the overall system to see how the satellite imposes certain constraints on the other system components and how these constraints affect the application of the system.Two basic types of systems are shown in figure 1.The passive satellite serves to reflect or scatter the signal beamed at it from the transmitting ground station.In this respect its function is the same as that of the ionosphere in the high-frequency radio syskJ' 155 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19640020428 2018-05-10T06:35:50+00:00Z

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One-millipound colloid thruster system development

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Experimental and theoretical study of a cone-jet for an electrospray microthruster considering the interference effect in an array of nozzles

Experimental and theoretical study of a cone-jet for an electrospray microthruster considering the interference effect in an array of nozzles

Designing, fabrication, and test of a MEMS colloid thruster

Communications Satellite Technology

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