One Health Perspectives on Emerging Public Health Threats

Ryu, Sukhyun; Kim, Bryan; Lim, Jun‐Sik; Tan, Cheng Siang; Chun, Byung Chul

doi:10.3961/jpmph.17.097

Cited by 78 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…5,6 ZOONOTIC DISEASES Zoonotic diseases are those diseases transmitted from animals to humans through direct contact or through food, water, or the environment, contributing to 61% of infectious organisms affecting humans. 7,8 Zoonotic diseases may be categorized by their ability to spread among humans through 5 stages ranging from only spread among animals (stage 1) to fully human pathogens (stage 5). Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Infectious Diseases

McArthur

2019

Nursing Clinics of North America

127

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KEYWORDSEmerging infections Zoonotic diseases Vector-borne diseases Candida auris Elizabethkingia anopheles Avian influenza mcr-1 KEY POINTSMost emerging infectious diseases (EID) are caused by zoonotic pathogens.Vector-borne diseases are a major public health problem in the United States.Factors contributing to EID include population growth, spread in health care facilities, aging population, global travel, and changing vector habitats related to climate change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Infectious Diseases

McArthur

2019

Nursing Clinics of North America

127

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“…Epidemiological studies suggest a link between antimicrobial use and the emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) (1,2). Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated AMR a major threat to public health (3) and evidence is accumulating that resistant bacteria can be transmitted between humans, food producing animals, and companion animals (4)(5)(6)(7). Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) policies and practices aim to limit the development of AMR and improve patient outcomes by promoting the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices in Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care

et al. 2020

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Background: Antimicrobial use contributes to emergence of antimicrobial resistance. It was hypothesized that antimicrobial prescribing behavior varies between the emergency (ER) and critical care (CC) services in a veterinary teaching hospital. This study aimed to: (i) describe antimicrobial prescribing patterns in the ER and CC services; (ii) assess adherence to stewardship principles; (iii) evaluate the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates. Methods: Institution electronic medical records were queried for all antimicrobial prescriptions from the ER and CC services between 1/1/2017 and 12/31/2017. Prescriptions were manually reviewed, and the following data recorded: drug, dosage, duration, diagnosis, outcome, hospitalization duration, culture submission, and susceptibility results. Results: There were 5,091 ER visits, of which 3,125 were not transferred to another service. Of these emergency visits, 516 (16.5%) resulted in 613 antimicrobial drug prescriptions. The most commonly prescribed drugs for the ER were amoxicillin/clavulanate (n = 243, 39.6%), metronidazole (n = 146, 23.8%), and ampicillin/sulbactam (n = 55, 9.0%). The most common reasons for antimicrobial prescriptions were skin disease (n = 227, 37.0%), gastrointestinal disease (n = 173, 28.2%), and respiratory disease (n = 50, 8.2%). For ER patients 18 cultures were submitted, equivalent to a 3.5% submission rate. The CC service managed 311 case visits for 822 patient days. Of these, 133 case visits (42.7%) resulted in 340 prescriptions. The most commonly prescribed drugs for the CC service were ampicillin/sulbactam (n = 103, 30.3%), enrofloxacin (n = 75, 22.1%), and metronidazole (n = 59, 17.4%). The most common reasons for antimicrobial prescriptions were gastrointestinal disease (n = 106, 31.2%), respiratory disease (n = 71, 20.9%), and sepsis (n = 61, 17.9%). On the CC service, 46 patients had ≥1 culture submitted, equivalent to a 34.6% submission rate. Of patients prescribed antimicrobials, 13/38 (34%) with urinary tract disease, 2/28 (7%) with pneumonia, 1/11 (9%) with canine infectious respiratory disease complex and 2/8 (25%) with feline upper respiratory infection were compliant with published guidelines. Robbins et al. Antimicrobial Prescribing Emergency Critical Care Conclusions: Antimicrobial prescription was common in both ER and CC services and followed similar patterns. Adherence to published guidelines for urinary and respiratory infections was poor.

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“…Many biological phenomena relevant to human health and society cross species boundaries, such as the circulation of established and/or emerging zoonotic pathogens in animal reservoirs (3) as well as animal health and its contribution to agriculture and the global food supply. As such, a holistic One Health approach to biology and immunology is essential and has been increasingly recognized by public health associations including the World Health Organization (4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single cell resolution landscape of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals diverse immune cell subtypes including T-bet⁺B cells

Patel

Tomlinson

Divers

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Traditional laboratory model organisms represent a small fraction of the diversity of multicellular life, and findings in any given experimental model often do not translate to other species. Immunology research in non-traditional model organisms can be advantageous or even necessary (e.g. for host-pathogen interaction studies), but presents multiple challenges, many stemming from an incomplete understanding of potentially species-specific immune cell types, frequencies and phenotypes. Identifying and characterizing immune cells in such organisms is frequently limited by the availability of species-reactive immunophenotyping reagents for flow cytometry, and insufficient prior knowledge of cell type-defining markers. Here, we demonstrate the utility of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to characterize immune cells for which traditional experimental tools are limited. Specifically, we used scRNA-Seq to comprehensively define the cellular diversity of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy horses across different breeds, ages, and sexes. We identified 30 cell type clusters partitioned into five major populations: Monocytes/Dendritic Cells, B cells, CD3 + PRF1 + lymphocytes, CD3 + PRF1lymphocytes, and Basophils. Comparative analyses revealed many cell populations analogous to human PBMC, including transcriptionally heterogeneous monocytes and distinct dendritic cell subsets (cDC1, cDC2, plasmacytoid DC). Unexpectedly, we found that a majority of the equine peripheral B cell compartment is comprised of T-bet + B cells; an immune cell subpopulation typically associated with chronic infection and inflammation in human and mouse.Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of scRNA-Seq for cellular analyses in nontraditional model organisms, and form the basis for an immune cell atlas of horse peripheral blood.

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One Health Perspectives on Emerging Public Health Threats

Cited by 78 publications

References 6 publications

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices in Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care

Single cell resolution landscape of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals diverse immune cell subtypes including T-bet⁺B cells

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One Health Perspectives on Emerging Public Health Threats

Cited by 78 publications

References 6 publications

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices in Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care

Single cell resolution landscape of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals diverse immune cell subtypes including T-bet+B cells

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Single cell resolution landscape of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals diverse immune cell subtypes including T-bet⁺B cells