One Health: EAACI Position Paper on coronaviruses at the human‐animal interface, with a specific focus on comparative and zoonotic aspects of SARS‐CoV‐2

Abstract

The latest outbreak of a coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), evolved into a worldwide pandemic with massive effects on health, quality of life, and economy. Given the short period of time since the outbreak, there are several knowledge gaps on the comparative and zoonotic aspects of this new virus. Within the One Health concept, the current EAACI position paper dwells into the current knowledge on SARS‐CoV‐2’s receptors, symptoms, transmission routes for human and animals living in close vicinity to each other, usefulness of animal models to study this disease and management options to avoid intra‐ and interspecies transmission. Similar pandemics might appear unexpectedly and more frequently in the near future due to climate change, consumption of exotic foods and drinks, globe‐trotter travel possibilities, the growing world population, the decreasing production space, declining room for wildlife and free‐ranging animals, and the changed lifestyle including living very close to animals. Therefore, both the society and the health authorities need to be aware and well prepared for similar future situations, and research needs to focus on prevention and fast development of treatment options (medications, vaccines).

Curing Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis with an Oral Multi-Component Drug Containing GS-441524

“…7 maropitant 1 mg/kg q24h IV for treatment of gastrointestinal signs, such as vomiting and anorexia. 8 mirtazapine ointment q24h for appetite stimulation. 9 silymarin 20 mg/kg q12h PO for 10 days and then 20 mg/kg q24h PO for treatment of increased liver enzymes.…”

“…Their high diversity causes the continuous emergence of new coronavirus variants that can have changed target cell tropism and/or host spectrum and lead to interspecies or zoonotic transmission; recent examples of the latter are Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the most recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [4][5][6][7]. The newly emerging coronavirusassociated diseases raise awareness of the potential risks of highly virulent coronavirus infections in humans with close contact to animals harboring coronaviruses [8]. Shifts in tissue or cell tropism resulting in changes in virulence are distinctive features of coronaviruses.…”

Pet Owners’ Perceptions of COVID-19, Zoonotic Disease, and Veterinary Medicine: The Impact of Demographic Characteristics

“…Although COVID-19 is spread almost exclusively through human–human transmission, experimental studies have demonstrated human–animal and animal–animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, in several species, such as cats, farmed mink, and non-human primates [ 8 , 9 ]. Considering the global popularity of pet ownership, including 57% of US households [ 10 ], the possible transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between humans and companion animals is particularly concerning.…”

Answers to burning questions for clinical allergologists related to the new COVID-19 vaccines

“…Apart from anaphylaxis on first injection, which presupposes pre-existing sensitization [ 24 ], no statement can currently be made as to whether the first partial vaccination per se can lead to specific sensitization. A total of only four cases of anaphylactic reaction after the second administration have been documented [ 13 ].…”