“…The state variables in our model are therefore axial force
( F ), axial spring deflection ( δ ),
and martensite volume fraction ( ξ ). Tanaka (Tanaka, 1986), Liang and Rogers (Liang and Rogers, 1990), Brinson (Brinson, 1993), Boyd and Lagoudas (Boyd and Lagoudas, 1996), and
Frémond (Frémond, 1996)
initially proposed constitutive models for SMA wire. Tobushi and Tanaka (Tobushi and Tanaka, 1991), Liang and Rogers
(Liang and Rogers, 1997), Aguiar et
al.…”