One dimensional CdS nanostructures: heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of aryl-3,3′-bis(indol-3-yl)methanes

Chhattise, Prakash K.; Arbuj, Sudhir S.; Mohite, K. C.; Bhavsar, Sanjay V.; Horne, Amit; Handore, Kalpana; Chabukswar, Vasant V.

doi:10.1039/c4ra03419h

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In 2014, Chabukswar and his research group explored the activity of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanotubes as heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the electrophilic condensation between aldehydes and indoles [ 106 ]. The nanorods were obtained with a solvothermal technique, where thiourea and cadmium nitrate were mixed in ethylenediamine for 10 minutes and subsequently heated at 200 °C for 12 hours.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles

Kolagkis,

Galathri,

Kokotos

2024

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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The synthesis of indoles and their derivatives, more specifically bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs), has been an area of great interest in organic chemistry, since these compounds exhibit a range of interesting biological and pharmacological properties. BIMs are naturally found in cruciferous vegetables and have been shown to be effective antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and even anticancer agents. Traditionally, the synthesis of BIMs has been achieved upon the acidic condensation of an aldehyde with indole, utilizing a variety of protic or Lewis acids. However, due to the increased environmental awareness of our society, the focus has shifted towards the development of greener synthetic technologies, like photocatalysis, organocatalysis, the use of nanocatalysts, microwave irradiation, ball milling, continuous flow, and many more. Thus, in this review, we summarize the medicinal properties of BIMs and the developed BIM synthetic protocols, utilizing the reaction between aldehydes with indoles, while focusing on the more environmentally friendly methods developed over the years.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles

Kolagkis,

Galathri,

Kokotos

2024

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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“…Indoles with various carbonyl functional groups can be obtained directly using homo and heterogeneous catalysts. Different types of catalysts can be employed for these reactions, including acid catalysts [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], nanocatalysts [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], supported catalysts [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], metal catalysts [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], ion exchange resin [39], and enzymes [40]. The acid-catalyzed reactions can be facilitated by HCl [41], P 2 O 5 [42], Amberlyst-15 [43], and solidified acids [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting decanoic acid unveils the transfigure aldehyde carbonyl activation for synthesizing bis(indolyl)methane derivatives

Merneedi,

Singh,

Sinha

et al. 2023

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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The study presents a streamlined procedure for synthesizing bis(indolyl)methane derivatives using decanoic acid as a promoting medium. The reactions involve the addition of 2‐methyl‐1H‐indole with different aromatic aldehydes at room temperature for 24 h. Decanoic acid is effective for enhancing the reactivity of aromatic aldehydes through electrophilic activation. The new synthetic method yields pure compounds without requiring workup and purification. This method avoids metal‐containing catalysts and provides a simple, cost‐effective procedure with excellent yield. It is suitable for large‐scale synthesis and eliminates the use of corrosive acids.

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“…35 Interestingly, there is only one report where CdS nanorod was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for such a process. 36 Therefore, it is highly desired to develop new CdS nanostructures to apply in heterogeneous catalysis, preferably at room temperature and under solvent-free conditions.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in recent times, the use of metal–organic frameworks and nanostructures made thereof has been a trend for the synthesis of such compounds . Interestingly, there is only one report where CdS nanorod was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for such a process . Therefore, it is highly desired to develop new CdS nanostructures to apply in heterogeneous catalysis, preferably at room temperature and under solvent-free conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CdS Nanostructures with Diverse Morphology as Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalysts

Kaur

Mandal

2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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CdS is one of the semiconductor nanomaterials (band gap: ∼2.42 eV) that has been exploited for its unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, notably for its good charge carrier capacity and photocatalytic activity. Additionally, CdS possesses good Lewis acidity to contend as an emerging efficient heterogeneous catalyst for organic transformation reactions. In this work, a very simple and easy-to-handle method has been utilized to fabricate diverse CdS nanostructures (CdS_1a–CdS_6a) from a mixture of {[Cd2(bpta)2(adc)2]·2H2O} n or {Cd2(bpea)2(adc)2} n (where bpta = N,N′-bis(pyridyl-t-butyl) amine, bpea = N,N′-bis(pyridylethyl) amine, and adc = acetylene dicarboxylate) and thiourea as the Cd2+ and S2– sources, respectively, in three different solvents (methanol, ethanol, and tert-butanol) under solvothermal conditions at 120 °C for 6 h. Moreover, a time-dependent evolution study was utilized for the understanding of their formation at optimized conditions. Their varied morphologies (hollow and porous) were confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The crystallinity and bulk phase purity of all CdS nanostructures was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). On the basis of their solid-state ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectra, the band gap values in the range of 2.441–2.5 eV were calculated from the Tauc plot. Their porosity and surface area were measured by a N2 adsorption experiment. Furthermore, the emission spectra showed maximum intensity in the case of nanostructures fabricated in ethanol, followed by those fabricated in methanol and tert-butanol, respectively. Among all of the nanostructures, as-synthesized CdS_3a was found to be the best heterogeneous catalyst to prepare several bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The recyclability up to three cycles and the stability of the catalyst were also confirmed.

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One dimensional CdS nanostructures: heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of aryl-3,3′-bis(indol-3-yl)methanes

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles

Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles

Promoting decanoic acid unveils the transfigure aldehyde carbonyl activation for synthesizing bis(indolyl)methane derivatives

CdS Nanostructures with Diverse Morphology as Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalysts

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