One-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigations of Thermal Performance of Phase Change Materials in a Lithium-Ion Battery

Huynh, Van-Tinh; Chang, Kyoungsik; Lee, Sangwook

doi:10.3390/en14248386

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A cooling performance with a surface temperature difference of more than 5°C is unacceptable. 13–15 Figure 11 shows a considerable difference between the surface temperature of the shower head and regular inlet at all Reynolds numbers. The regular inlet performance at Reynolds numbers 382, 574 and 765 is unacceptable because the maximum surface temperature difference is higher than 5°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigate the effect of a novel inlet header on the thermal and hydraulic performance of a liquid cold plate used for cooling the Li-ion battery cell of electric vehicles

Shdaifat

Zulkifli

Sopian

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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EV batteries tend to generate a significant amount of heat due to internal resistance during operation. The LCP using the regular inlet struggles to have good fluid distribution without depending on the flow rate. The aim of the present experimental study is to introduce a new design of inlet header called shower head to be used in the liquid cold plate for cooling the battery cells. The study investigates the thermal performance improvements by using the shower head and its impact on the hydraulic performance of the liquid cold plate. The shower head is studied at Reynolds number range 382–1530 and water is the working fluid. The results indicate that the shower head achieved significant reduction in the surface temperature of the battery cell and good temperature uniformity compared to the regular inlet at all Reynolds numbers due to the ability of the shower head to achieve good fluid distribution and mixing inside the LCP. The pumping power consumption difference between the regular inlet and the shower head is not significant.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigate the effect of a novel inlet header on the thermal and hydraulic performance of a liquid cold plate used for cooling the Li-ion battery cell of electric vehicles

Shdaifat

Zulkifli

Sopian

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…There is a parameter that should be taken into consideration in order to show the performance of the battery cooling system which is the maximum temperature difference in the surface battery cell which are also called as the battery temperature uniformity as shown in Figure 8. Any cooling performance is not acceptable if the surface temperature difference is more than 5 o C [22][23][24][25]. Bad temperature uniformity causes different charging/discharging in the battery cells, resulting in an electrical imbalance in the cells, thereby reducing the performance of the battery cell [26].…”

Section: Temperature Uniformitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation on Heat Transfer Performance of a Liquid Cold Plate for Cooling of the Electric Vehicle Battery

Shdaifat

Zulkifli²,

Sopian³

et al. 2023

ARFMTS

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Around the world, there is a significant increase in the number of electric vehicles on the roads. Among the reasons are the aims to reduce the global dependency on oil as an energy source due to its political and economic dimensions especially for the non-oil producing countries by maximizing the use of electric vehicles. At the same time, it is also due to global concerns for the environmental aspect, especially global warming where transportation represents 30% of it. The battery is considered the main source of power for electric vehicles, but the battery tends to generate a significant amount of heat due to internal resistance during operation. The generated heat during the charging/discharging processes could lead to overheating in the battery which could end in battery failure. Therefore, dissipating the generated heat in the EV battery becomes essential through thermal management systems to ensure that the battery operates within a safe temperature range. Hence, the present study aims to introduce a new design of the liquid cooling system and also to investigate the effective parameter which affects its heat transfer performance. This paper is part of the overall study and describes the computational fluid dynamics by using ANSYS FLUENT software and numerical analysis to investigate the effect of the inlet/outlet arrangements on the heat transfer performance of a new LCP used for cooling the EV battery cell. There are three inlet/outlet arrangements: I-arrangement, Z-arrangement, and L-arrangement. The flow rate range of the present study is at the range of 0.4 – 1.6 l/min under 300 W heat flux. The L-arrangement has the best cooling performance compared to I-arrangement and Z-arrangement, where it achieves an average battery cell temperature which equals to 37.1 ⁰C along flow rates, while it is at 43.3 ⁰C and 38.0 ⁰C for I-arrangement and Z-arrangement, respectively. The temperature uniformity for both L-arrangement and Z-arrangement is almost similar, and they achieved good temperature uniformity at all flow rates, while I-arrangement failed to achieve good temperature uniformity at the lowest flow rates.

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“…The maximum temperature of the Li-ion battery decreased from 74 • C to 36.4 • C and from 114 • C to 49.7 • C at the end of the 3C and 5C discharge rates, respectively. Additionally, Huynh et al [22] analyzed the thermal behavior of a single cell cooled by an n-octadecane PCM integrated with aluminum foam. At the end stage of the discharging process at 3C and 5C rates, the maximum battery temperatures declined to 34.3 • C and 50.7 • C, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Thermal Performance of a Hybrid Phase Change Material and Forced Air Cooling System for a Three-Cell Lithium-Ion Battery Module

Huynh,

Chang,

Lee

2023

Energies

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The thermal performance of a lithium-ion battery module comprising three cells contained within a casing was investigated at discharge rates of 3C and 5C with three different cooling strategies: forced air, phase-change material (PCM), and a hybrid system using a combination of forced air and the PCM. Three levels of fan speed (5000 rpm; 7000 rpm; and 9000 rpm) for cooling air flow were considered. A numerical simulation of heat transfer was performed using the ANSYS Fluent software. The electrochemical modelling of a battery was developed based on the NTGK approach, and the phase-change phenomenon was treated as an enthesis–porosity problem. The composite PCM, aluminum metal foam embedded in n-octadecane, had better heat dissipation performance than forced air convection. The PCM is significantly more effective at heat dissipation than forced air. Interestingly, when using a hybrid cooling system that combines forced air and a PCM, although it meets the operational requirements for Li-ion batteries in regard to maximum temperature and temperature uniformity at a 3C discharge rate, the airflow appears to have a negligible effect on thermal management and yields an indiscernible change in temperature. This can be attributed to a complex flow pattern that developed in a casing as a result of the suboptimal design of the inlet and outlet. Further studies will be required for the optimal positioning of the inlet and outlet, as well as the effectiveness of combining liquid cooling methods.

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One-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigations of Thermal Performance of Phase Change Materials in a Lithium-Ion Battery

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Investigate the effect of a novel inlet header on the thermal and hydraulic performance of a liquid cold plate used for cooling the Li-ion battery cell of electric vehicles

Investigate the effect of a novel inlet header on the thermal and hydraulic performance of a liquid cold plate used for cooling the Li-ion battery cell of electric vehicles

Numerical Simulation on Heat Transfer Performance of a Liquid Cold Plate for Cooling of the Electric Vehicle Battery

Numerical Investigation of the Thermal Performance of a Hybrid Phase Change Material and Forced Air Cooling System for a Three-Cell Lithium-Ion Battery Module

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