One consensual depression diagnosis tool to serve many countries: a challenge! A RAND/UCLA methodology

Abstract

ObjectiveFrom a systematic literature review (SLR), it became clear that a consensually validated tool was needed by European General Practitioner (GP) researchers in order to allow multi-centred collaborative research, in daily practice, throughout Europe. Which diagnostic tool for depression, validated against psychiatric examination according to the DSM, would GPs select as the best for use in clinical research, taking into account the combination of effectiveness, reliability and ergonomics? A RAND/UCLA, which combines the qualities of the Delphi process and of the nominal group, was used. GP researchers from different European countries were selected. The SLR extracted tools were validated against the DSM. The Youden index was used as an effectiveness criterion and Cronbach’s alpha as a reliability criterion. Ergonomics data were extracted from the literature. Ergonomics were tested face-to-face.ResultsThe SLR extracted 7 tools. Two instruments were considered sufficiently effective and reliable for use: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). After testing face-to-face, HSCL-25 was selected. A multicultural consensus on one diagnostic tool for depression was obtained for the HSCL-25. This tool will provide the opportunity to select homogeneous populations for European collaborative research in daily practice.

Level of glycemic control and its associated factors among type II diabetic patients in debre tabor general hospital, northwest Ethiopia

“…Diabetic patients who can read and write, learned primary school, and achieve college and above were 3, 4 and 5.7 times more likely to have good glycemic control respectively as compared with those who couldn’t read and write. The finding of this study is consistent with the study conducted at Dessie Referral Hospital, Jimma University Teaching Hospital, and Shenen Gibie Hospital [ 20 , 21 , 30 , 39 ]. The reason may be due to educational status’s effect on patient’s adherence to medical recommendations.…”

“…Type II diabetic patients with greater than 10 years duration were 70% less likely to have good glycemic control as compared with those <5 years duration of diabetes mellitus since diagnosis. The result is in line with studies done at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Dessie Referral Hospital, South Africa, Limmu Genet Hospital, Malaysia, Ayider Referral Hospital, Palestine, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia [ 30 , 32 , 33 , 37 , 39 , [42] , [43] , [44] ]. The possible justification may be the relationship between duration of illness and the ability to secret insulin among type II diabetes mellitus patients.…”

“…The result of this study showed that the level of glycemic control among type II diabetic patients is 71.4% which is consistent with the finding at Dessie Referral Hospital (70.8%), Jimma University Teaching Hospital (70.9%), Turkey (67.5), Myanmar (72.1%), and Saudi Arabia (74.9%) [ 12 , 20 , [30] , [31] , [32] ]. On the other hand, it is below than the study conducted at Tikur Anbessa Hospital (80%), South Africa (83.8%), Kenya (81.6%), India (91.8%), and Palestine (80.5%) [ [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] ].…”

Predictors of health-related quality of life among patients with diabetes on follow-up at Nekemte specialised Hospital, Western Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

“…But it was congruent with the study result from Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital; Ethiopia. 21 This might be because of the possible similarity of the socioeconomic status of the study areas where the study participants shared almost the same lifestyle and cultural perspectives.…”

“…The sample size was determined assuming normally distributed independent means. The overall mean score of 52.6±12.1obtained from a study on HRQoL of patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia 21 was used to calculate the sample size for the first objective. Sample size for the second objective was calculated using the mean of the independent variables from different studies.…”