“…Fourth, Popova et al (2014), Jasek et al (2015), and Yzer et al (2015) used multi-item scales, but without a development phase. Popova et al (2014) used five items (convincing-unconvincing, effective-ineffective, believable-unbelievable, realistic-unrealistic, and memorable-not memorable), Jasek et al (2015) 13 (boring, confusing, convincing, difficult to watch, informative, made me want to quit smoking, made me want to smoke, made me stop and think, meaningful to me, memorable, powerful, ridiculous, terrible), and Yzer et al (2015) 7 (convincing, believable, memorable, good, pleasant, positive, for someone like me). There is considerable overlap between these items and the ones we used for the scale development, though there are some items in these papers that seem more related to usability (e.g., "confusing") and some more related to feelings (e.g., "pleasant, " "terrible").…”