Oncolytic virus in gliomas: a review of human clinical investigations

Carpenter, Austin B.; Carpenter, Amanda; Aiken, Robert; Hanft, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2021.03.197

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Therefore, intracavitary delivery usually requires a maximal surgical resection (239). Intratumoral delivery is the primary way for most oncolytic viruses in clinical trials of glioma treatment, including adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, measle virus and enterovirus (240). Studies show that intratumoral injection can not only induce tumor lysis in the injected region but also trigger systemic antitumor immunity of the whole body (59,123).…”

Section: Overcoming Existing Obstacles In Ovs Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas

Zeng

Sander³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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The prognosis of malignant gliomas remains poor, with median survival fewer than 20 months and a 5-year survival rate merely 5%. Their primary location in the central nervous system (CNS) and its immunosuppressive environment with little T cell infiltration has rendered cancer therapies mostly ineffective, and breakthrough therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefit. However, tumor immunotherapy is developing rapidly and can help overcome these obstacles. But for now, malignant gliomas remain fatal with short survival and limited therapeutic options. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a unique antitumor immunotherapy wherein viruses selectively or preferentially kill tumor cells, replicate and spread through tumors while inducing antitumor immune responses. OVTs can also recondition the tumor microenvironment and improve the efficacy of other immunotherapies by escalating the infiltration of immune cells into tumors. Some OVTs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and possess tropism for the CNS, enabling intravenous delivery. Despite the therapeutic potential displayed by oncolytic viruses (OVs), optimizing OVT has proved challenging in clinical development, and marketing approvals for OVTs have been rare. In June 2021 however, as a genetically engineered OV based on herpes simplex virus-1 (G47Δ), teserpaturev got conditional and time-limited approval for the treatment of malignant gliomas in Japan. In this review, we summarize the current state of OVT, the synergistic effect of OVT in combination with other immunotherapies as well as the hurdles to successful clinical use. We also provide some suggestions to overcome the challenges in treating of gliomas.

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Section: Overcoming Existing Obstacles In Ovs Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas

Zeng

Sander³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Compared to the 18% objective response rate of the single drug ipilimumab [ 149 ], the rate was significantly higher. In addition, clinical trials based on OVs may offer promising treatment prospects for gliomas with poor response to conventional ICI treatment [ 150 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Strategies For Overcoming Drug Resistance With Icismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy—How to Overcome Drug Resistance?

Lao

Shen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antagonists used to remove tumor suppression of immune cells, have been widely used in clinical settings. Their high antitumor effect makes them crucial for treating cancer after surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, with the advent of ICIs and their use by a large number of patients, more clinical data have gradually shown that some cancer patients still have resistance to ICI treatment, which makes some patients unable to benefit from their antitumor effect. Therefore, it is vital to understand their antitumor and drug resistance mechanisms. In this review, we focused on the antitumor action sites and mechanisms of different types of ICIs. We then listed the main possible mechanisms of ICI resistance based on recent studies. Finally, we proposed current and future solutions for the resistance of ICIs, providing theoretical support for improving their clinical antitumor effect.

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“…In addition to ICI and CAR-T, the utilizations of OV have rapidly expanded in the past few years since the U.S. FDA approved the first OV, Imlygic, in 2015 ( 23 ). OV has been recognized as a novel therapeutic platform due to its unique feature, selectively replicating in and eradicating cancer cells through a domino-like cascading infection of tumor cells, which other conventional therapeutics cannot mimic ( 24 ). Moreover, it is also highlighted with its capacity to target cancer immunity in multiple steps, leading to potent clinical benefits ( 25 , 26 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Systems for Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review

Le¹,

Yoon²,

Thambi³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Immunotherapy holds enormous promise to create a new outlook of cancer therapy by eliminating tumors via activation of the immune system. In immunotherapy, polymeric systems play a significant role in improving antitumor efficacy and safety profile. Polymeric systems possess many favorable properties, including magnificent biocompatibility and biodegradability, structural and component diversity, easy and controllable fabrication, and high loading capacity for immune-related substances. These properties allow polymeric systems to perform multiple functions in immunotherapy, such as immune stimulants, modifying and activating T cells, delivery system for immune cargos, or as an artificial antigen-presenting cell. Among diverse immunotherapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell, and oncolytic virus recently have been dramatically investigated for their remarkable success in clinical trials. In this report, we review the monotherapy status of immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell, and oncolytic virus, and their current combination strategies with diverse polymeric systems.

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Oncolytic virus in gliomas: a review of human clinical investigations

Cited by 31 publications

References 76 publications

Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas

Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy—How to Overcome Drug Resistance?

Polymeric Systems for Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review

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