Oncolytic Virus Engineering and Utilizations: Cancer Immunotherapy Perspective

Muthukutty, Palaniyandi; Yoo, So Young

doi:10.3390/v15081645

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Oncolytic viruses selectively infect cancer cells and eventually lyse them without infecting healthy cells [ 42 ]. In fact, glioma cells were destroyed by oncolytic viruses [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Based Drug Delivery into the Brain across the Blood–Brain Barrier

Tashima

2024

Pharmaceutics

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At present, stem cell-based therapies using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being used to explore the potential for regenerative medicine in the treatment of various diseases, owing to their ability for multilineage differentiation. Interestingly, MSCs are employed not only in regenerative medicine, but also as carriers for drug delivery, homing to target sites in injured or damaged tissues including the brain by crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In drug research and development, membrane impermeability is a serious problem. The development of central nervous system drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, remains difficult due to impermeability in capillary endothelial cells at the BBB, in addition to their complicated pathogenesis and pathology. Thus, intravenously or intraarterially administered MSC-mediated drug delivery in a non-invasive way is a solution to this transendothelial problem at the BBB. Substances delivered by MSCs are divided into artificially included materials in advance, such as low molecular weight compounds including doxorubicin, and expected protein expression products of genetic modification, such as interleukins. After internalizing into the brain through the fenestration between the capillary endothelial cells, MSCs release their cargos to the injured brain cells. In this review, I introduce the potential and advantages of drug delivery into the brain across the BBB using MSCs as a carrier that moves into the brain as if they acted of their own will.

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“…Oncolytic viruses selectively infect cancer cells and eventually lyse them without infecting healthy cells [ 42 ]. In fact, glioma cells were destroyed by oncolytic viruses [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Based Drug Delivery into the Brain across the Blood–Brain Barrier

Tashima

2024

Pharmaceutics

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“…Due to the high transfection efficiency and the development of vector engineering techniques, OVs have been widely used and showed promising results in preclinical and clinical studies in GB (see [ 843 , 856 , 857 ] for a recent review). In addition, OVs have many advantages over conventional immunotherapies, including precise targeting, effective killing rates, and minimal adverse reactions [ 858 ]. To date, several clinical trials have been carried out for oncolytic viruses to improve the treatment of GB [ 836 , 843 , 857 ].…”

Section: Immunotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future

Obrador,

Moreno-Murciano,

Oriol-Caballo

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood–brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.

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“…7 OVs encompass both naturally occurring and genetically engineered viruses, with the latter showing enhanced efficacy and improved targeting capabilities. 8 OVs can reproduce within tumor cells, generating additional offspring virions that destroy neighboring tumor cells through various mechanisms, including direct lysis of tumor cells, stimulation of local or systemic immune responses against the tumor, and modification of the tumor microenvironment. 9 Several studies have demonstrated significant antitumor effects of oncolytic vaccinia virus containing Aphrocallistes vastus lectin in HCC cells and mouse models with transplanted human tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research indicates that SVA has a strong capability to target tumors with neuroendocrine characteristics. 8 A solitary intravenous administration of the oncolytic picornavirus SVV-001 eradicated medulloblastomas in primary tumor-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse models. 16 Surprisingly, the administration of 10 14 vp/kg of the oncolytic virus SVV-001 successfully eradicated tumors in two out of six heterotransplant mouse models of a specific small cell lung cancer variant, with long-lasting effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%