Oncolytic Reoviruses: Can These Emerging Zoonotic Reoviruses Be Tamed and Utilized?

Siew, Zhen Yun; Loh, Alson; Segeran, Sharrada; Leong, Pooi Pooi; Voon, Kenny

doi:10.1089/dna.2022.0561

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Reoviruses replicate in the cytoplasm; thus, in healthy cells, new copies of dsRNA will activate protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), RIG-I, or MDA5, triggering an antiviral response and halting viral replication. Remarkably, in more than 30% of human tumors, there are Ras gene mutations [141], and in Ras-transformed cancer cells, the PKR pathway is blocked. Therefore, reoviruses preferentially target tumor cells with the oncogenic Ras S pathway, which can be caused by mutations in KRas, BRaf, and Egfr genes [142].…”

Section: Engineered Reovirus Rescue Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Phase III clinical trial (NCT01166542) using Reolysin ® in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin versus chemotherapy alone in platinum-refractory head and neck has been recently completed, although presently the results are not yet available. ARV and PRV viruses have shown oncolytic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines, respectively [141]. ARVs infect various avian species, including turkeys, geese, pheasants, and other wild bird species [144].…”

Section: Engineered Reovirus Rescue Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering Non-Human RNA Viruses for Cancer Therapy

Tur-Planells,

García-Sastre,

Cuadrado-Castano

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Alongside the development and progress in cancer immunotherapy, research in oncolytic viruses (OVs) continues advancing novel treatment strategies to the clinic. With almost 50 clinical trials carried out over the last decade, the opportunities for intervention using OVs are expanding beyond the old-fashioned concept of “lytic killers”, with promising breakthrough therapeutic strategies focused on leveraging the immunostimulatory potential of different viral platforms. This review presents an overview of non-human-adapted RNA viruses engineered for cancer therapy. Moreover, we describe the diverse strategies employed to manipulate the genomes of these viruses to optimize their therapeutic capabilities. By focusing on different aspects of this particular group of viruses, we describe the insights into the promising advancements in the field of virotherapy and its potential to revolutionize cancer treatment.

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Section: Engineered Reovirus Rescue Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Engineered Reovirus Rescue Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Non-Human RNA Viruses for Cancer Therapy

Tur-Planells,

García-Sastre,

Cuadrado-Castano

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…Hence, they have been recognised as the vector or reservoir of many zoonotic pathogens, especially viruses (Banerjee et al, 2020). Previously, many medically significant viruses and viruses of concern have been identified in different kinds of bats, such as lyssaviruses, paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses, filoviruses, flaviviruses and reoviruses (Shi, 2013;Letko et al, 2020;Siew et al, 2023;Wang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat coronavirus was detected positive from insectivorous bats in Krau Wildlife Reserve Forest

Z.Y.

2023

Trop Biomed

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Bats are flying mammals with unique immune systems that allow them to hold many pathogens. Hence, they are recognised as the reservoir of many zoonotic pathogens. In this study, we performed molecular detection to detect coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, pteropine orthoreoviruses and dengue viruses from samples collected from insectivorous bats in Krau Reserve Forest. One faecal sample from Rhinolophus spp. was detected positive for coronavirus. Based on BLASTN, phylogenetic analysis and pairwise alignment-based sequence identity calculation, the detected bat coronavirus is most likely to be a bat betacoronavirus lineage slightly different from coronavirus from China, Philippines, Thailand and Luxembourg. In summary, continuous surveillance of bat virome should be encouraged, as Krau Reserve Forest reported a wide spectrum of biodiversity of insectivorous and fruit bats. Moreover, the usage of primers for the broad detection of viruses should be reconsidered because geographical variations might possibly affect the sensitivity of primers in a molecular approach.

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