Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity

Weghuber, Daniel; Barrett, Timothy; Barrientos-Pérez, Margarita; Gies, Inge; Hesse, Dan; Jeppesen, Ole K.; Kelly, Aaron S.; Mastrandrea, Lucy D.; Sørrig, Rasmus; Arslanian, Silva

doi:10.1056/nejmoa2208601

Cited by 174 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccines may provide a potentially important benefit for critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. "Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity" in the style of NEJM; original paper29…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human reviewers

Gao

Howard

Markov

et al. 2022

Preprint

188

135

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Background: Large language models such as ChatGPT can produce increasingly realistic text, with unknown information on the accuracy and integrity of using these models in scientific writing. Methods: We gathered ten research abstracts from five high impact factor medical journals (n=50) and asked ChatGPT to generate research abstracts based on their titles and journals. We evaluated the abstracts using an artificial intelligence (AI) output detector, plagiarism detector, and had blinded human reviewers try to distinguish whether abstracts were original or generated. Results: All ChatGPT-generated abstracts were written clearly but only 8% correctly followed the specific journal's formatting requirements. Most generated abstracts were detected using the AI output detector, with scores (higher meaning more likely to be generated) of median [interquartile range] of 99.98% [12.73, 99.98] compared with very low probability of AI-generated output in the original abstracts of 0.02% [0.02, 0.09]. The AUROC of the AI output detector was 0.94. Generated abstracts scored very high on originality using the plagiarism detector (100% [100, 100] originality). Generated abstracts had a similar patient cohort size as original abstracts, though the exact numbers were fabricated. When given a mixture of original and general abstracts, blinded human reviewers correctly identified 68% of generated abstracts as being generated by ChatGPT, but incorrectly identified 14% of original abstracts as being generated. Reviewers indicated that it was surprisingly difficult to differentiate between the two, but that the generated abstracts were vaguer and had a formulaic feel to the writing. Conclusion: ChatGPT writes believable scientific abstracts, though with completely generated data. These are original without any plagiarism detected but are often identifiable using an AI output detector and skeptical human reviewers. Abstract evaluation for journals and medical conferences must adapt policy and practice to maintain rigorous scientific standards; we suggest inclusion of AI output detectors in the editorial process and clear disclosure if these technologies are used. The boundaries of ethical and acceptable use of large language models to help scientific writing remain to be determined.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human reviewers

Gao

Howard

Markov

et al. 2022

Preprint

188

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, counter-regulatory mechanisms over time hinder weight loss, resulting in the recovery of body weight [ 30 ]. In addition to lifestyle changes, GLP-1 RAs have been shown to lower body weight in a range of 2–7 kg through early satiety and reduction in appetite, thus lowering caloric intake [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Furthermore, treatment with these drugs reduces cravings for food and increases the pleasure offered by eating a meal [ 51 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Glp-1 Receptor Agonists On Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Nevola

Epifani

Imbriani

et al. 2023

IJMS

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To date, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease, affecting up to 70% of patients with diabetes. Currently, there are no specific drugs available for its treatment. Beyond their anti-hyperglycemic effect and the surprising role of cardio- and nephroprotection, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown a significant impact on body weight and clinical, biochemical and histological markers of fatty liver and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Therefore, GLP-1 RAs could be a weapon for the treatment of both diabetes mellitus and NAFLD. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence currently available on the role of GLP-1 RAs in the treatment of NAFLD and to hypothesize potential future scenarios.

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“…More recently, the combination of phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia) has been approved in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older as of 2022 but has side effects like dizziness [ 16 ]. One promising drug, currently approved for adults, is semaglutide, a GLP-1 agonist that is only administered once-weekly (rather than daily as with liraglutide) [ 17 ]. In November 2022, Weghuber et al published a clinical trial where semaglutide garnered significant weight reduction in adolescents (pending FDA approval for this age group) [ 17 ].…”

Section: Bariatric Surgery As a Treatment For Childhood Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One promising drug, currently approved for adults, is semaglutide, a GLP-1 agonist that is only administered once-weekly (rather than daily as with liraglutide) [ 17 ]. In November 2022, Weghuber et al published a clinical trial where semaglutide garnered significant weight reduction in adolescents (pending FDA approval for this age group) [ 17 ]. In an adult head-to-head comparison trial, semaglutide was significantly more effective than liraglutide in terms of mean weight reduction (15.8% vs. 6.4%, respectively) [ 18 ].…”

Section: Bariatric Surgery As a Treatment For Childhood Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Pediatric Obesity and Bariatric Surgery

Akagbosu

Nadler

Levy

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Obesity affects 42.4% of adults and 19.3% of children in the United States. Childhood obesity drives many comorbidities including hypertension, fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prior research suggests that aberrant compositional development of the gut microbiome, with low-grade inflammation, precedes being overweight. Therefore, childhood may provide opportunities for interventions that shape the microbiome to mitigate obesity-related diseases. Children with obesity have gut microbiota compositional and functional differences, including increased proinflammatory bacterial taxa, compared to lean controls. Restoration of the gut microbiota to a healthy state may ameliorate conditions associated with obesity and help maintain a healthy weight. Pediatric bariatric (weight-loss) surgery is an effective treatment for childhood obesity; however, there is limited research into the role of the gut microbiome after weight-loss surgery in children. This review will discuss the magnitude of childhood obesity, the importance of the developing microbiome in establishing metabolic pathways, interventions such as bariatric surgery that may modulate the gut microbiome, and future directions for the potential development of microbiome-based therapeutics to treat obesity.

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Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity

Cited by 174 publications

References 27 publications

Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human reviewers

Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human reviewers

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Pediatric Obesity and Bariatric Surgery

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