“…Although the "business is war" metaphor example relates specifically to an organizational context, from closely examining the literature, I identified many diverse areas that researchers have applied metaphors to in IS research and rich metaphor types. In Hirschheim & Newman (1991), Holeman & Barrett (2017), Iivari (2009), Introna (1996), Kendall & Kendall (1993, Lif, Olsson, & Gulliksen (2001), Oates & Fitzgerald (2007), Smolander, Rossi, & Purao (2008), Truex & Baskerville (1998), Urquhart (1999), Vidgen (1997), Wells et al (2005) Fitzgerald (2006), Martini, Massa, & Testa (2013), Merali (2002), Ramiller (2001), Schultze & Leidner (2002), Swan (2006) IS/IT transformation, change, and alignment Clinical, colonial systems, hatchet in the head, *imbrication, low hanging fruit, *machine, magic dragons, mail, material, mechanistic, organic, *organism, photograph, quick hits, speech, wizards Cass & Lauer (2004), Kaarst-Brown (2017), Jenkin & Chan (2010), Leonardi (2011), Porra, Hirschheim, & Parks (2005, Porra (1999), Sarker & Lee (1999) Organizational theorist Gareth Morgan is one author who has gained considerable attention to date in IS metaphor research (e.g., Jenkin & Chan, 2010;Middleton & Cukier, 2006;Oates & Fitzgerald, 2007;Walsham, 1991Walsham, , 1993. His original work proposes that management and organization theories build on implicit metaphors (images of organization) that allow one to understand, view, and manage organizations in distinguishing yet partial ways.…”