Once-a-month injectable contraceptives, cyclofem® and mesigyna®, in Egypt

Hassan, Ezzeldin Osman; El-Nahal, N.; El-Hussinie, Moustafa

doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(99)00064-5

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Research elsewhere has demonstrated that Cyclofem users do tend to have more regular and predictable patterns of bleeding, but that some irregularities of light bleeding and spotting, and of amenorrhoea, are not uncommon. [4][5][6] These bleeding irregularities are a leading reason for premature discontinuation of use of both of these injectables, 4-6,31-33 a problem that was also seen in the present study. Iranian women also expressed a concern about the inconvenience of the frequency of the monthly injections of Cyclofem, and a few dropped out because of this.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…4 Although menstrual disturbances occur less often in Cyclofem users versus DMPA users, 4 they are still the leading medical reason for discontinuation. 5,6 Once-a-month injectable contraceptives including Cyclofem are generally well accepted, even though women must attend a clinic every 27-33 days for an injection. 7 Disturbances of menstrual bleeding in users of longacting progestogen-only contraceptives are associated with local changes in the endometrial microvasculature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A comparative study of Cyclofem<SUP>®</SUP> and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) effects on endometrial vasculature

Simbar¹,

Tehrani²,

Hashemi³

et al. 2007

j fam plann reprod health care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives The most common reason for discontinuation of long-acting progestogen-only contraceptives is irregular bleeding following local endometrial vascular changes. To reduce unpredictable bleeding episodes among depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users, the combined injectable contraceptive, Cyclofem ® , was offered as an alternative. However, there is a gap in our knowledge about the effects of Cyclofem on the endometrial vasculature and patterns of bleeding. This study aimed to compare the effects of Cyclofem and DMPA on endometrial vascular density, endometrial histology and pattern of bleeding.Methods Sixty-eight healthy women with regular menstrual bleeding and seeking injectable long-acting contraceptives were recruited. Two endometrial samples (before and 3 to 6 months after initial exposure to DMPA or Cyclofem) were collected from each participant. The samples were stained using an immunohistochemical method and anti-CD34 to visualise the endometrial vasculature. Endometrial vascular density was assessed using standard techniques.Results Sixty-eight women were randomly assigned to Cyclofem (38 women) or DMPA (30 women). Endometrial vascular density was 149.3 ± 6.7 (mean ± SD)/mm 2 before 271 IntroductionProgestogen-only contraceptives provide a safe and highly effective method of fertility regulation. Unfortunately, they are commonly associated with the problem of endometrial breakthrough bleeding, often leading to discontinuation of use. 1 Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is an aqueous suspension of pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione,17-(acetyloxy)-6-methyl-(6α) administered by intramuscular injection (150 mg once every 3 months) for long-term contraception. MPA is detected in the serum within 30 minutes following injection. Serum concentrations generally plateau at about 1.0 ng/ml for about 3 months, after which there is a gradual decline. injection. This significantly decreased to 132.4 ± 12.2 after DMPA use, and from 151.9 ± 5.8 to 131.8 ± 12.8 vessels/mm 2 following Cyclofem use (paired t-test, p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between endometrial vascular density during treatment with Cyclofem or DMPA. Total bleeding days in the first and second 3-month time intervals were 28 ± 23 and 18 ± 12 days in DMPA users and 22 ± 14 and 16 ± 9 days in Cyclofem users, respectively, Spotting was the most common type of bleeding experienced, and atrophic endometrium was the most common histological pattern observed in both groups.Conclusions This study demonstrated that both Cyclofem and DMPA use are associated with decreased endometrial vascular density and atrophic endometrium, in addition to irregular bleeding, mainly spotting. There was no significant difference in bleeding patterns or endometrial findings observed for these two injectable contraceptives in Iranian women. long-acting injectable method that produces a more regular vaginal bleeding pattern. The extensive literature indicates that although combined oestrogen-progestogen once-amonth injectable contraceptives ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of Cyclofem<SUP>®</SUP> and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) effects on endometrial vasculature

Simbar¹,

Tehrani²,

Hashemi³

et al. 2007

j fam plann reprod health care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The emphasis on thinness in the United States may explain why American women express concerns about weight gain as a side effect to hormonal birth control that women in contexts where thinness for women is not so highly valued (and may, in fact, be devalued) do not necessarily share. For example, while women in the United States say that they are less likely to use hormonal birth control because of fears of weight gain (Kaye, Suellentrop, and Sloup 2010), women in Egypt did not cite weight gain as a reason for stopping their hormonal method (despite gaining weight) (Hassan, El-Nahal, and El-Hussinie 1999), and women in Cambodia not only perceived weight gain as a positive side effect of hormonal birth control, but some actually stopped use because of weight loss (Sadana and Snow 1999). This literature suggests that while hormonal birth control methods may cause weight gain, the larger cultural scripts about the meaning of thinness can drive women's interpretations of the weight changes that they attribute to their birth control.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“It’s those Pills that are Ruining Me”

Littlejohn

2013

Gender & Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Almost half of pregnancies in the United States are unintended, despite the availability of highly effective forms of birth control. Women often cite side effects as a reason for stopping hormonal birth control, and most research on the topic comes from a medical perspective. In this study, I analyze hormonal contraceptive side effects from a social perspective that highlights the link between cultural messages about gender and women's contraceptive behavior. Drawing on data from interviews with 88 women, I argue that the gendered emphasis on women's appearance and emotionality shapes women's perceptions about the seriousness of hormonal contraceptive side effects, like weight gain and emotional volatility, and their propensity to stop use as a result. Contrary to understandings of side effects as a purely medical aspect of use, the gender analysis elucidates the ways that particular side effects are imbued with social meaning that can undermine women's goals to prevent pregnancy.

show abstract

“…Thus the optimal compositions were found to be 25 mg DMPA plus 5 mg oestradiol cypionate for Cyclofem, and 50 mg NET-EN plus 5 mg oestradiol valerate for Mesigyna. Subsequent pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic [57,58] and metabolic studies [59,60,61] and clinical trials [62,63,64,65,66,67] established the efficacy and safety of both preparations. Introductory studies followed in a number of countries [68,69], illustrating a variety of experiences and service delivery issues.…”

Section: The Work Of the Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

The Special Programme of Research in Human Reproduction: Forty Years of Activities to Achieve Reproductive Health for All

Benagiano¹,

d’Arcangues²,

Requejo³

et al. 2012

Gynecol Obstet Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Special Programme of Research in Human Reproduction (HRP), co-sponsored by the UNDP, UNFPA, WHO, and the World Bank, is celebrating 40 years of activities with an expansion of its mandate and new co-sponsors. When it began, in 1972, the main focus was on evaluating the acceptability, effectiveness, and safety of existing fertility-regulating methods, as well as developing new, improved modalities for family planning. In 1994, HRP not only made major contributions to the Plan of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD); it also broadened its scope of work to include other aspects of health dealing with sexuality and reproduction, adding a specific perspective on gender issues and human rights. In 2002, HRP’s mandate was once again broadened to include sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS and in 2003 it was further expanded to research activities on preventing violence against women and its many dire health consequences. Today, the work of the Programme includes research on: the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents, women, and men; maternal and perinatal health; reproductive tract and sexually transmitted infections (including HIV/AIDS); family planning; infertility; unsafe abortion; sexual health; screening for cancer of the cervix in developing countries, and gender and reproductive rights. Additional activities by the Programme have included: fostering international cooperation in the field of human reproduction; the elaboration of WHO’s first Global Reproductive Health Strategy; work leading to the inclusion of ICPD’s goal ‘reproductive health for all by 2015’ into the Millennium Development Goal framework; the promotion of critical interagency statements on the public health, legal, and human rights implications of female genital mutilation and gender-biased sex selection. Finally, HRP has been involved in the creation of guidelines and tools, such as the ‘Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use’, the ‘Global handbook for family planning providers’, the ‘Definition of core competencies in primary health care’, and designing tools for operationalizing a human rights approach to sexual and reproductive health programmes.

show abstract

Once-a-month injectable contraceptives, cyclofem® and mesigyna®, in Egypt

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

A comparative study of Cyclofem<SUP>®</SUP> and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) effects on endometrial vasculature

A comparative study of Cyclofem<SUP>®</SUP> and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) effects on endometrial vasculature

“It’s those Pills that are Ruining Me”

The Special Programme of Research in Human Reproduction: Forty Years of Activities to Achieve Reproductive Health for All

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About