“…From the top‐down, measurements of the atmospheric CO 2 can provide constraints on net ecosystem exchange (NEE)—the net exchange of CO 2 between an ecosystem and the atmosphere, determined as autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration minus GPP (Bolin & Keeling, ; Gurney et al, ; Yin et al, ). Space‐based measurements of column‐averaged dry‐air mole fractions of CO 2 (X CO2 ) have been shown to provide information on NEE anomalies at large subcontinental scales (Byrne et al, ; Byrne et al, ; Guerlet et al, ; Ishizawa et al, ; Liu, Bowman, et al, ; Liu et al, ; Yin et al, ) and for point sources (Nassar et al, ; Schwandner et al, ) but are untested on smaller regional scales, such as the Midwest croplands. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO‐2), launched in 2014, provides X CO2 to monitor the atmospheric signal of the event.…”