On-wafer radiation pattern measurements of integrated antennas on standard BiCMOS and glass processes for 40-80GHz applications

Segura, N.; Montusclat, S.; Person, C.; Tedjini, Smaïl; Gloria, D.

doi:10.1109/icmts.2005.1452238

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Recent works [1] [2], focusing on silicon antenna analyses, show that the main disadvantage of integrated antennas is their low radiating efficiency, and consequently their low gain value (-12dBi for standard Low Resistivity (LR) silicon substrate, -2dBi for High Resistivity (HR) silicon substrate on SOI CMOS), whereas high gain (13 dBi for Short Range Radar and 27 dBi for Long Range Radar) are expected for radar antennas. In order to achieve such gain, typical solutions deal with either antenna arrays [3] or different focusing systems (using lenses or reflectors [4] [5] [6]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BASIC ANTENNA Various architectures have been proposed at millimetre wave frequencies on silicon, like dipole and folded slot antennas [2] [7], and the challenge is now especially on the optimization of the radiation efficiency, strongly dependent on the shape and the electrical characteristics of the material as well as on the excitation techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Integrated Antenna for Automotive Short Range Radar Applications at 79GHz

Ballesteros

Person

Gloria

et al. 2008

2008 38th European Microwave Conference

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This paper discuses the feasibility of integrating antennas on silicon for millimeter wave automotive radars. Since radar specifications require high gain and directivity antennas, the radiating structures cannot be fully integrated on silicon because of the intrinsic low resistivity of the substrate. We therefore investigate hybrid solutions, combining both an onsilicon antenna array and a coupled focusing system. A folded slot antenna is used as a primary antenna. Two solutions have been considered in order to significantly improve the gain and efficiency. Silicon Integrated Antenna Arrays are first discussed, considering additional low loss dielectric sheets. A focusing system is then analyzed by applying the Robieux theorem and hybrid simulation techniques combining electromagnetic simulators and coupling techniques to avoid any complex multiscale electromagnetic problem. A 6.5 dBi gain is achieved for a 4x4 element array while a 24.5dBi value can be achieved with an appropriate focusing system. Simulations are proposed and we also discuss the hybrid simulation procedure used. The manufacturing structure is in progress and experimental results will be presented during the conference.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Integrated Antenna for Automotive Short Range Radar Applications at 79GHz

Ballesteros

Person

Gloria

et al. 2008

2008 38th European Microwave Conference

Self Cite

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“…The unlicensed 7 GHz bandwidth at around 60 GHz is one of the possible solutions for the development of such radio frequency (RF) systems [1]. Furthermore, increasing capabilities and cost reduction of new sub-micron CMOS technologies have made this band attractive for low cost applications [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband cavity-backed antenna arrays on glass substrate for 60 GHz application

Mortazavi

Esfahani

Hamidian

et al. 2014

2014 11th European Radar Conference

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In this paper design concepts for compact broadband printed V-Band 2×1 bowtie, 2×1 and 2×2 dipole array antennas, suitable for millimeter wave (mm-Wave) applications, are presented. The antennas are designed on a planar quartz glass substrate. The center frequencies of the array antennas are set to 60 GHz. Optimization techniques for improving antennas impedance matching and overall gain are also presented. Simulated and measured impedance matching and far field radiation patterns for all three antenna arrays are shown and discussed. An air cavity has been embedded in the quartz glass stack to improve antenna bandwidth and radiation efficiency. Both dipole structures have about 8.5 dBi measured gain, while the bowtie antenna shows 7 dBi. Their bandwidth is about 10 GHz. All three designs achieve over 10 % bandwidth while maintaining better than 90 % efficiency. A prototype of the antennas was successfully manufactured and tested.

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“…Several 3D radiation pattern measurement benches have been developed previously [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The basic feeding technique uses an RF probe to have a direct contact with the on-chip antenna [6][7][8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of such antennas is frequently smaller or of the order of 1 mm in dimension, and therefore is much smaller than modern probing devices. Thus, their radiation performance is difficult to characterize as they are perturbed by their testing environment such as radiofrequency (RF) probes, connecting bond wires and transmission lines (t-lines).Several 3D radiation pattern measurement benches have been developed previously [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The basic feeding technique uses an RF probe to have a direct contact with the on-chip antenna [6][7][8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of integrated antennas at millimeter-wave frequencies

Dussopt

Vuong

et al. 2011

Int. j. microw. wirel. technol.

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This paper presents two feeding techniques for the radiation characterization of integrated antennas at millimeter-wave frequencies. The first method involves feeding the antenna-under-test (AUT) with a radiofrequency (RF) probe. We compare the measurements obtained with a standard RF probe, an extended probe, and an extended probe with reversed connector orientation. We find that the reversed orientation probe produces the best results in terms of effective measurement angular sector and reduction of ripples due to diffraction. The second method involves feeding the AUT through a flexible transmission line. This method achieves a larger range of measurement angles, but still suffers from parasitic scattering likely due to the mounting bracket and still need further development.There is an increasing demand for high-data-rate wireless networks and the 60 GHz band is a good candidate for these applications. At 60 GHz band, a net data-rate of multi-gigabit per second can be achieved over short distances [1]. Examples of applications are wireless gigabit Ethernet [2] or short-range wireless multimedia applications [3]. Recently, with the emergence of low-cost CMOS technologies operating at millimeter wavelengths, fully integrated front-ends with low-directivity antennas on Silicon On Insulator (SOI) substrates have been studied intensively [4,5]. The size of such antennas is frequently smaller or of the order of 1 mm in dimension, and therefore is much smaller than modern probing devices. Thus, their radiation performance is difficult to characterize as they are perturbed by their testing environment such as radiofrequency (RF) probes, connecting bond wires and transmission lines (t-lines).Several 3D radiation pattern measurement benches have been developed previously [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The basic feeding technique uses an RF probe to have a direct contact with the on-chip antenna [6][7][8]. However, as a standard probe device is much bigger and close to the AUT, it involves a limitation of the angular sector where measurements can be taken. Furthermore, it is metallic, which adds diffraction effects to the radiation pattern. To counteract this, a microwave absorbing material can be placed on the probe station metal surfaces. However, in view of the size of a probe, the absorber can cause even more masking effect on the radiation pattern. In [17], Mohammadpour-Aghdam et al. designed an antenna with contacts in the backside of the antenna's ground plane so that the RF probe did not alter the radiation pattern. However, this configuration is not applicable to most on-chip integrated antennas, which have the radiating element and the contact on the same metal layers.One approach to improve the performance of these measurement techniques is to supply the AUT with a long feed line to extend the distance between the probe and the AUT. The feed line can be integrated into the same substrate as the AUT, as in [9,11], or it can be connected to the AUT via bond wires, as in [18]. One advantage of usi...

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On-wafer radiation pattern measurements of integrated antennas on standard BiCMOS and glass processes for 40-80GHz applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Hybrid Integrated Antenna for Automotive Short Range Radar Applications at 79GHz

Hybrid Integrated Antenna for Automotive Short Range Radar Applications at 79GHz

Broadband cavity-backed antenna arrays on glass substrate for 60 GHz application

Characterization of integrated antennas at millimeter-wave frequencies

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