On understanding the organisation of the retinal receptor synapses

Gray, Edward G.; Pease, H.L.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90591-9

Cited by 159 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Following the elegant descriptions of De Roberts and Franchi (1956), Gray and Pease (1971), Ladman (1958), and Leure-duPree (1974), the present report will concentrate upon the synaptic base of the rod receptor. This concentration is not necessarily a denial of cone receptors within the rat's retina, but simply a concession to available data.…”

Section: Intrastructural Morphology Cellular Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these is a rather large, flat structure terme9Jhe rod-synaptic lamella by Ladman. Others have simply considered this structure as a synaptic ribbon (Gray & Pease, 1971;Leure-duPree, 1974) to correspond to similar synaptic structures within the axon terminals of certain bipolar cells. The other synaptic structure is the rod arciform density which is interposed between the synaptic ribbon and the presynaptic membrane of the spherical itself.…”

Section: Intrastructural Morphology Cellular Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to the contents of the presynaptic base of the receptor unit, Gray and Pease (1971) have described three principal elements, namely, plain synaptic vesicles, complex or coated synaptic vesicles, and shell fragments. Gray and Pease have suggested a process where components of expelled synaptic transmitter substance are recovered through pinocytosis within the zone of the presynaptic membrane that lines the bilobular invaginations.…”

Section: Synaptic Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The primary visual system of the rat: A primer of its anatomy

LeVere

1978

Psychobiology

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Section: Intrastructural Morphology Cellular Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intrastructural Morphology Cellular Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synaptic Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The primary visual system of the rat: A primer of its anatomy

LeVere

1978

Psychobiology

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“…The synaptic ribbons are thought to act as "conveyor belts" that transport a steady stream of synaptic vesicles to their docking sites on the plasma membrane (Bunt, 1971;Gray and Pease, 1971;Raviola and Gilula, 1975) or act as a safety belt to tether vesicles stably in mutual contact and thus facilitate multivesicular release by compound exocytosis (Parsons and Sterling, 2003). Such a specialized function may require unique proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TworibeyeGenes in Teleosts: The Role of Ribeye in Ribbon Formation and Bipolar Cell Development

Wan¹,

Almers²,

Chen³

2005

J. Neurosci.

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Ribeye is the only known protein specific to synaptic ribbon, but its function is unclear. We show that the teleost fish, Fugu and zebrafish, have two ribeye genes, ribeye a and ribeye b. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that ribeye a is expressed in tissues containing synaptic ribbons, including the pineal gland, inner ear, and retina. Ribeye b is absent in the pineal gland. In the retina, ribeye a is expressed in both photoreceptors and bipolar cells, whereas ribeye b is detected only in photoreceptors. To study the function of Ribeye a in retina, we depleted it by morpholino antisense oligos. Fish deficient in Ribeye a lack an optokinetic response and have shorter synaptic ribbons in photoreceptors and fewer synaptic ribbons in bipolar cells. Their bipolar cells still target Syntaxin-3 proteins to the inner plexiform layer and have abundant vsx1 mRNA. However, they lack large synaptic terminals and show increased apoptosis. Rod bipolar cells are fewer in number and/or deficient in PKC␣. Recovery of Ribeye a levels rescues the optokinetic response, increases the number of PKC␣-positive bipolar cells, and stops apoptosis. We conclude that Ribeye a is important for late steps in bipolar cell development.

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“…Synaptic ribbons are specifically located opposite postsynaptic receptors (2)(3)(4)(5) and tethered to each synaptic ribbon is a dense array of synaptic vesicles (6)(7)(8). Given this localization and the fact that these structures are specific to nonspiking tonic synapses that release large amounts of neurotransmitter, it has long been suggested that vesicles tethered to the ribbon are recruited to release neurotransmitter in these synapses (9)(10)(11). In addition to ribbon-associated release, synaptic vesicles have been suggested to undergo extraribbon release in the goldfish retinal bipolar cells (11,12), and extraribbon release was suggested to occur primarily at ribbon-free active zones (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicle association and exocytosis at ribbon and extraribbon sites in retinal bipolar cell presynaptic terminals

Zenisek

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by following a process of vesicle docking and exocytosis. Although these steps are well established, it has been difficult to observe and measure these rates directly in living synapses. Here, by combining the direct imaging of single synaptic vesicles and synaptic ribbons, I measure the properties of vesicle docking and evoked and spontaneous release from ribbon and extraribbon locations in a ribbon-type synaptic terminal, the goldfish retinal bipolar cell. In the absence of a stimulus, captured vesicles near ribbons associate tightly and only rarely undock or undergo spontaneous exocytosis. By contrast, vesicle capture at outlier sites is less stable and spontaneous exocytosis occurs at a higher rate. In response to a stimulus, exocytic events cluster near ribbons, but show no evidence of clustering away from ribbon sites. Together, the results here indicate that, although vesicles can associate and fuse both near and away from synaptic sites, vesicles at synaptic ribbons associate more stably and fusion is more tightly linked to stimuli.imaging ͉ neurotransmitter release ͉ retina ͉ synapse ͉ synaptic vesicle

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On understanding the organisation of the retinal receptor synapses

Cited by 159 publications

References 13 publications

The primary visual system of the rat: A primer of its anatomy

The primary visual system of the rat: A primer of its anatomy

TworibeyeGenes in Teleosts: The Role of Ribeye in Ribbon Formation and Bipolar Cell Development

Vesicle association and exocytosis at ribbon and extraribbon sites in retinal bipolar cell presynaptic terminals

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