On two cases of brucellosis in southern France in the mediaeval and modern periods (Saint-Sauveur Abbey, Aniane; La Closeraie, Aix-en-Provence)

Meffray, Avril; Biagini, Philippe; Rigeade, Catherine; Panuel, M.; Schneider, Laurent; Ardagna, Yann

doi:10.4000/bmsap.9594

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, there are several reasons why brucellosis may be under-reported in paleopathological analyses of archaeological samples; it is likely mistaken for other diseases that similarly impact bone like tuberculosis, the bacterium had not left skeletal changes by the time of death [7,11,12], or the non-specific nature of the lesions precluded a diagnosis [12]. Support for the presence of brucellosis during the Medieval period includes an ancient genome identified from a pelvic nodule of an individual in Sardinia dating to c. 1300 CE; two individuals from Albania (c. 900-c. 1200 CE) with PCR products arising from lesioned ribs and vertebrae; and two French individuals from the 14 th and 18 th C. CE where an infection was identified via paleopathology [13][14][15]. This limited DNA evidence compared to other infectious diseases could be due to improper sample selection [16], poor DNA preservation [12,17,18], or its mistaken diagnosis [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…900— c . 1200 CE) with PCR products arising from lesioned ribs and vertebrae; and two French individuals from the 14 th and 18 th C. CE where an infection was identified via paleopathology [ 13 – 15 ]. This limited DNA evidence compared to other infectious diseases could be due to improper sample selection [ 16 ], poor DNA preservation [ 12 , 17 , 18 ], or its mistaken diagnosis [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 14th century CE Brucella melitensis genome and the recent expansion of the Western Mediterranean clade

Long,

Hider,

Duggan

et al. 2023

PLoS Pathog

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Brucellosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Brucella and typically transmitted through contact with infected ruminants. It is one of the most common chronic zoonotic diseases and of particular interest to public health agencies. Despite its well-known transmission history and characteristic symptoms, we lack a more complete understanding of the evolutionary history of its best-known species—Brucella melitensis. To address this knowledge gap we fortuitously found, sequenced and assembled a high-quality ancient B. melitensis draft genome from the kidney stone of a 14th-century Italian friar. The ancient strain contained fewer core genes than modern B. melitensis isolates, carried a complete complement of virulence genes, and did not contain any indication of significant antimicrobial resistances. The ancient B. melitensis genome fell as a basal sister lineage to a subgroup of B. melitensis strains within the Western Mediterranean phylogenetic group, with a short branch length indicative of its earlier sampling time, along with a similar gene content. By calibrating the molecular clock we suggest that the speciation event between B. melitensis and B. abortus is contemporaneous with the estimated time frame for the domestication of both sheep and goats. These results confirm the existence of the Western Mediterranean clade as a separate group in the 14th CE and suggest that its divergence was due to human and ruminant co-migration.

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