On track to becoming a cosmopolitan invasive species: First record of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the African continent

Haddad, Karim; Kalaentzis, Konstantinos; Demetriou, Jakovos

doi:10.12681/eh.23483

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…It is an endoparasitoid of larvae of almost twenty moth species but so far there is no record of its parasitism on C. perspectalis [19]. C. perspectalis was only recently found in Africa [20] and North America [21,22]. Due to the short recent history of C. perspectalis invasion in over 40 countries of Europe, Middle East, Africa and North America [23], and the significant number of other hosts parasitized by N. floralis, further discovery of parasitism of C. perspectalis larvae by N. floralis is likely to occur in the fly's native range in other parts of Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Record of Nemorilla floralis (Fallén 1810) (Diptera, Tachinidae) Parasitism on Box Tree Moth – Cydalima perspectalis (Walker 1859) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) Larvae

Bjeliš,

Armanda,

Nadel

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis is native to East Asia where it occurs on Buxus trees. Its natu-ral distribution includes China, Japan, Korea and India, and it was accidentally introduced into Europe, Middle East, North America and north Africa through the trade in Buxus spp., where it can cause considerable damage. In the native range of C. perspectalis, three tachinids (Diptera, Tachinidae) are known to parasitize larvae of C. perspectalis, including Exorista sp., Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (Walker 1853) and Compsilura concinnata (Meigen 1824). Data on tachinid parasitoids parasitizing C. perspectalis on the European continent include only P. nigrolineata. Field collection of mature larvae and pupae of C. perspectalis during July 2020 in four locations in Split – Dalmatia County in Croatia resulted in collection of live tachinid larvae that were reared to adults. The tachinid specimens were identified at the Natural History Museum, London, UK, as Nemorilla flo-ralis (Fallén, 1810) (Diptera, Tachinidae). Conservatively, 1.2 – 2.4 % parasitism rate was achieved. This is the first world record of N. floralis parasitism on C. perspectalis larvae, which can be added as a potential tool for C. perspectalis biological control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Record of Nemorilla floralis (Fallén 1810) (Diptera, Tachinidae) Parasitism on Box Tree Moth – Cydalima perspectalis (Walker 1859) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) Larvae

Bjeliš,

Armanda,

Nadel

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…also in Norway [47,48]. To the south, BTM has reached the African continent in Algeria [23], southern Europe in Sicily [49] and Malta [50], the Greek Peloponnese [51], and most recently the province Hatay in southern Turkey [52]. Results from our model suggest that BTM has the potential to spread further along the Mediterranean coast of Africa, crossing from Gibraltar [53] into Morocco, and also into the southern coast of the Black and Caspian Seas.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling potential distribution of the invasive box tree moth across Asia, Europe, and North America

Seehausen,

Rimmer,

Wiesner

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (BTM) is a native moth throughout eastern Asia, having recently become invasive in Europe (2007) where it feeds on boxwood (= box tree), Buxus spp. The moth rapidly spread across Europe and the Caucasus causing damage to both ornamental and wild Buxus. In 2018, C. perspectalis was found in Toronto, ON, Canada, and has since spread south into the US. To better predict where the moth will establish and have significant impact on ornamental trade in North America, we used most recent scientific literature and distribution points to update the temperature and diapause indices of an existing ecoclimatic CLIMEX model. The model parameters provided a good fit for the potential distribution of BTM compared to its known distribution across eastern Asia and in Europe. Interestingly, our results suggest that the current native distribution in Asia is incomplete and that further expansion is also possible in its introduced range, especially in northern Europe, along the Mediterranean coast of Africa, and eastward to central Russia. In North America, the model predicts that most of North America should be climatically suitable for the moth’s establishment, with the exception of Alaska and the northern territories of Canada, as well as higher elevations in the Rocky Mountains and southern hot and dry areas. Our study highlights the importance of the CLIMEX model to assess the risk of BTM spreading in its newly invaded areas, especially North America, and its use to help make decisions in terms of regulatory dispersal restrictions and choice of management options.

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“…in private gardens, cemeteries, and urban and historical parks [3,4] and also affecting natural boxwood stands (Buxus sempervirens L.) in southern and western Europe [5][6][7][8]. More recently, C. perspectalis has been recorded in North America (first reported in Toronto, Canada, in 2018 [9]) and in Africa (first detected in Constantine, Algeria, in 2018 [10]). Nowadays, the box-tree moth is considered an invasive species in several European countries and is on the way to becoming a cosmopolitan invasive species [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Environmentally Friendly Method to Protect Box Trees (Buxus spp.) from Attacks by the Invasive Moth Cydalima perspectalis

Baur,

Gysin,

Rusterholz

2024

Horticulturae

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The non-native invasive box-tree moth Cydalima perspectalis causes severe damage to ornamental box trees (Buxus spp.) and natural boxwood stands. So far, no promising natural enemy of C. perspectalis has been discovered in Europe. Many garden owners would like to protect their box trees from C. perspectalis without the use of insecticides, which also harm other arthropod species. In a controlled experiment under natural conditions, we tested whether box trees covered with a net during the flight period of C. perspectalis are as well protected against the moth as trees treated with a bioinsecticide. After 1 year, the box trees covered with a net during the moths’ flight activity (monitored by light traps) showed no damage by larvae (average loss of leaves 0%), as did box trees regularly treated with a bioinsecticide (control group 1). In contrast, box trees with no protection (untreated box trees; control group 2) lost 97.7% of their leaves due to larval feeding. In a second experiment, we investigated whether defoliated box trees can recover when covered with a net during the flight period of the moth. Protected by the net, the emerging new leaves were not attacked by C. perspectalis. After 1.5 years, the trees had 24% of their original foliage again. Our study demonstrates that temporarily covering box trees with a net protects them against damage by C. perspectalis in an effective way.

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On track to becoming a cosmopolitan invasive species: First record of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the African continent

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

First Record of <em>Nemorilla floralis</em> (Fallén 1810) (Diptera, Tachinidae) Parasitism on Box Tree Moth – <em>Cydalima perspectalis</em> (Walker 1859) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) Larvae

First Record of <em>Nemorilla floralis</em> (Fallén 1810) (Diptera, Tachinidae) Parasitism on Box Tree Moth – <em>Cydalima perspectalis</em> (Walker 1859) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) Larvae

Modelling potential distribution of the invasive box tree moth across Asia, Europe, and North America

An Environmentally Friendly Method to Protect Box Trees (Buxus spp.) from Attacks by the Invasive Moth Cydalima perspectalis

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