On total inelastic cross sections and the average depth of the maximum of extensive air showers

Hoerandel, J. R.

doi:10.1088/0954-3899/29/11/001

Cited by 64 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Observations of the EAS cherenkov light in the PeV region confirmed this deeper penetration [14]. As a consequence, the primary mass attributed to such showers derived from observed X max values and N µ /N e ratio after the comparison with model calculations turned to be smaller than the true primary mass.…”

Section: The Improvement Of Modelsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Extensive air showers and the physics of high energy interactions

Erlykin

2007

Astroparticle Physics

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Extensive Air Showers are still the only source of information on primary cosmic rays and their interactions at energies above PeV. However, this information is hidden inside the multiplicative character of the cascading process. Inspite of the great experimental and theoretical efforts the results of different studies are often ambiguous and even conflicting. These controversies can partly be referred to imperfections of our models of high energy particle interactions.The first part of the paper is concerned with this problem. The author thinks that the present models should be corrected to give slightly deeper penetration of the cascade into the atmosphere. In this respect the modification suggested by the QGSJET-II model seems to be the step in the right direction. The Sibyll 2.1 model provides a similar penetrating properies. However, this modification is not enough and a small additional transfer of the energy from EAS hadrons to the electromagnetic component is needed too. As a possible candidate for such a process the inelastic charge exchange of pions is discussed.In the second part of the paper the author discusses the need to account for the interaction of EAS with the stuff of detectors, their environment and the ground in the light of the 'neutron thunder' phenomenon, discovered recently.

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Section: The Improvement Of Modelsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Extensive air showers and the physics of high energy interactions

Erlykin

2007

Astroparticle Physics

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“…A systematic difference has been found in the mean logarithmic mass calculated from experiments measuring particle distributions at ground level and detectors observing the average depth of the shower maximum. A recent investigation showed, that the discrepancy can be reduced, if the logarithmic increase of the inelastic cross-sections in the model QGSJET is lowered and the elasticity of the interactions is increased [17].…”

Section: Experimental Results and The Poly-gonato Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking the experimental values from experiments measuring particle distributions at ground level [1] and results from experiments observing the average depth of the shower maximum according to an interpretation with a modification of QGSJET (model 3a in [17]), the aver- [18], Kobayakawa et al [20], Stanev et al [19], and Sveshnikova [21]. Upper right panel: Source and acceleration related models by Erlykin and Wolfendale [22], Plaga [24], as well as Völk and Zirakashvili [23].…”

Section: Experimental Results and The Poly-gonato Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays

Hörandel

2004

Astroparticle Physics

117

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The origin of the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays is an outstanding problem in astroparticle physics. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed to explain the structure in the all-particle spectrum. In the article basic ideas of several models are summarized, including diffusive acceleration of cosmic rays in shock fronts, acceleration via cannonballs, leakage from the Galaxy, interactions with background particles in the interstellar medium, as well as new high-energy interactions in the atmosphere. The calculated energy spectra and mean logarithmic masses are compiled and compared to results from direct and indirect measurements.

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“…10 eV sibly result from CR reacceleration processes (e.g., Berezhko & Ksenofontov 1999), for example, in the interaction regions of the Galactic wind induced by the spiral structure in the Galactic disk (Völk & Zirakashvili 2004). For further Galactic particle sources, see Hörandel (2007).…”

Section: ϫ19 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Cosmic Rays Produced in Supernova Remnants

Berezhko

Völk

2007

ApJ

156

127

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Nonlinear kinetic theory of cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration in supernova remnants is employed to calculate CR spectra. The magnetic field in SNRs is assumed to be significantly amplified by the efficiently accelerating nuclear CR component. It is shown that the calculated CR spectra agree in a satisfactory way with the existing measurements up to the energy eV. The power-law spectrum of protons extends up to the energy eV 17 15 10 3 # 10 with a subsequent exponential cutoff. It gives a natural explanation for the observed knee in the Galactic CR spectrum. The maximum energy of the accelerated nuclei is proportional to their charge number Z. Therefore, the break in the Galactic CR spectrum is the result of the contribution of progressively heavier species in the overall CR spectrum so that at eV the CR spectrum is dominated by iron group nuclei. It is shown that this 17 10 component plus a suitably chosen extragalactic CR component can give a consistent description for the entire Galactic CR spectrum.

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On total inelastic cross sections and the average depth of the maximum of extensive air showers

Cited by 64 publications

References 67 publications

Extensive air showers and the physics of high energy interactions

Extensive air showers and the physics of high energy interactions

Models of the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays

Spectrum of Cosmic Rays Produced in Supernova Remnants

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