Abstract:Full research paper-In this paper, we report on the development of a succinct and easy-to-administer 11-item scale that quantifies students' self-efficacy, social aspect, independence, and meaning of studies, with a focus on introductory programming studies. The scale has been constructed using exploratory factor analysis of survey response data collected from students attending introductory programming courses offered by two universities. We evaluate the scale by using it to examine differences between univer… Show more
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