On the Zero-Energy Universe

Berman, Marcelo Samuel

doi:10.1007/s10773-009-0125-8

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The energy of Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmologies has been calculated by different authors using divers procedures, like pseudotensorial methods based on specific choices of coordinates [29][30][31][32][33], or Hamiltonian methods imposing boundary conditions [13,21], or by choosing an appropriate background configuration [2,8], or even by other procedures [10]. Quasi-local approaches have also been extensively considered, providing distinct results because of the different used definitions [9,34].…”

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic vanishing of energy and momenta in a universe

Lapiedra

Morales-Lladosa

2011

Gen Relativ Gravit

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We present a new approach to the question of properly defining energy and momenta for non asymptotically Minkowskian spaces in general relativity, in the case where these energy and momenta are conserved. In order to do this, we first prove that there always exist some special Gauss coordinates for which the conserved linear and angular three-momenta vanish. This allows us to consider the case of creatable universes (the universes whose proper 4-momenta vanish) in a consistent way, which is the main interest of the paper. When applied to the Friedmann-Lema{\^{\i}}tre-Robertson-Walker case, perturbed or not, our formalism leads to previous results, according to most literature on the subject. Some future work that should be done is mentioned.Comment: Enlarged and modified version, where several comments have been added (20 pages), of the previous manuscript: "Creatable universes: a new, and more consistent and general approach". In particular, changes involve a new title and updated references. Accepted in General Relativity and Gravitatio

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Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic vanishing of energy and momenta in a universe

Lapiedra

Morales-Lladosa

2011

Gen Relativ Gravit

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“…The conventional zero-energy universe hypothesis is based on quantum fluctuation and the exact cancellation of positive-energy matter by negative-energy gravity through pseudotensor [2] or the inflation [3] before the Big Bang. Quantum fluctuation provides a natural explanation for how that energy may have come out of nothing in the universe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Light-Dark Dual Universe for the Big Bang and Dark Energy

Chung¹,

Krasnoholovets²

2013

JMP

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In the proposed light-dark dual universe, the light universe is the observable universe with light and kinetic energy that fueled the Big Bang, and the dark universe without light and kinetic energy has been observed as dark energy since about 9 billion years after the Big Bang. The light-dark dual universe started from the zero-energy universe through the four-stage cyclic transformation. Emerging from the zero-energy universe, the four-stage transformation consists of the 11D (dimensional) positive-negative energy dual membrane universe, the 10D positive-negative energy dual string universe, the 10D positive-negative energy dual particle universe, and the 4D (light)-variable D (dark) positive-negative energy dual particle asymmetrical universe. The transformation can then be reversed back to the zero-energy universe through the reverse four-stage transformation. The light universe is an observable four-dimensional universe started with the inflation and the Big Bang, and the dark universe is a variable dimensional universe from 10D to 4D. The dark universe could be observed as dark energy only when the dark universe turned into a four-dimensional universe. The four-stage transformation explains the four force fields in our universe. The theoretical calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter are 72.8. 22.7, and 4.53, respectively, in nearly complete agreement with observed 72.8, 22.7, and 4.56, respectively. According to the calculation, dark energy started in 4.47 billion years ago in agreement with the observed 4.71 ± 0.98 billion years ago. The zero-energy cyclic universe is based on the space-object structures.

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“…In a flat universe, the positive energy associated with matter and vacuum energy is balanced by the negative energy associated with their gravity [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]. In other words, the positive energy associated with matter and vacuum is balanced by the negative energy associated with the distortions it creates in the space-time.…”

Section: Main Hypothesis Of the Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Friedmann Equation of Cosmology of a Flat Universe from the Time-Energy Uncertainty Principle

Cooray¹,

Cooray²,

Rachidi³

2017

JMP

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Friedmann equation of cosmology is based on the field equations of general relativity. Its derivation is straight-forward once the Einstein's field equations are given and the derivation is independent of quantum mechanics. In this paper, it is shown that the Friedmann equation pertinent to a homogeneous, isotropic and flat universe can also be obtained as a consequence of the energy balance in the expanding universe between the positive energy associated with vacuum and matter, and the negative gravitational energy. The results obtained here is a clear consequence of the fact that the surface area of the Hubble sphere is proportional to the total amount of information contained within it.

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On the Zero-Energy Universe

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Intrinsic vanishing of energy and momenta in a universe

Intrinsic vanishing of energy and momenta in a universe

The Light-Dark Dual Universe for the Big Bang and Dark Energy

Emergence of Friedmann Equation of Cosmology of a Flat Universe from the Time-Energy Uncertainty Principle

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