On the Width of the Equatorial Es Belt

Knecht, Robert W.; Mcduffie, R.E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-009744-2.50022-9

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The ES-q in Peru was shown to occur over a belt 700km wide which agreed well with the width of the electrojet as deduced from geo-magnetic field variations (KNECHT and MCDUFFIE, 1962).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Equatorial Sporadic E Layer during Geomagnetic Storms

Rastogi

1972

J. geomagn. geoelec

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The decrease of the average value of foEs at equatorial stations on disturbed days as compared to that on quiet days is shown to be due to frequent disappearance of ES(f0Es<1MHz) during geomagnetic active periods rather than due to the decrease of individual values of foEs. The study of the q-type of ES during major SC-type geomagnetic storms indicates that there is no effect of a storm on ES-q so long as the change in the H field is less than that of the Dst(H) value. Only during large decreases in the H field exceeding the corresponding change in the Dst(H) value, the ES-q is shown to disappear completely.There is no apparent time lag between the decrease of H and the disappearance of Es. The ES-q can disappear even for a short period, for example, as five minutes. These effects are explained on the basis that ES-q is generated by the cross-field instability mechanism and its disappearance is due to temporary reversal of the electrojet current because of temporary imposition of a strong westward electric field over the normal Sq field.

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“…The ES-q in Peru was shown to occur over a belt 700km wide which agreed well with the width of the electrojet as deduced from geo-magnetic field variations (KNECHT and MCDUFFIE, 1962).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Equatorial Sporadic E Layer during Geomagnetic Storms

Rastogi

1972

J. geomagn. geoelec

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“…In the context of these studies, the characteristics provided by our measurements of E-region FAI in low latitudes just outside the EEJ should be extremely valuable. This is so because at low latitudes the driving agents for the excitation of instabilities (such as the vertical electric field) is less, compared to the EEJ, and the blanketing Es is less frequent as compared to midlatitudes (e.g., Knecht and McDuffie, 1962). In addition, these studies could be used to improve the forecasting of equatorial spread-F irregularities since the F-region magnetic field lines over the dip equator map into E-region heights at low latitudes (Chau et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Statistical characteristics of VHF radar observations of low latitude E-region field-aligned irregularities over Gadanki

Patra

Sripathi

Sivakumar

et al. 2004

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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“…Matsushita (1951) found that in the dip equatorial region, the latitudinal variation of the top frequency reflected from the sporadic layer, fEs is very similar to that of H. With number of ionospheric stations operating during the IGY within a narrow region of latitudes in Peru, Knecht (1959) identified the characteristics of Es associated with EEJ and called it Equatorial sporadic-E layer or Es-q. Knecht and Schlitt (1961) and Knecht and McDuffie (1962) showed the belt of Es-q is only about 700 km in latitude (±5…”

Section: Equatorial Electrojet Current (Eej)mentioning

confidence: 99%