On the weight of entanglement

Bruschi, David Edward

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.4007

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…(3.3). It was recently suggested that there is a form of quantum entanglement that has weight, since it affects the gravitational field [301]. The implication of this result to the interpretation of black hole entropy as entanglement entropy has yet to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black hole remnants and the information loss paradox

2015

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Forty years after the discovery of Hawking radiation, its exact nature remains elusive. If Hawking radiation does not carry any information out from the ever shrinking black hole, it seems that unitarity is violated once the black hole completely evaporates. On the other hand, attempts to recover information via quantum entanglement lead to the firewall controversy. Amid the confusions, the possibility that black hole evaporation stops with a "remnant" has remained unpopular and is often dismissed due to some "undesired properties" of such an object. Nevertheless, as in any scientific debate, the pros and cons of any proposal must be carefully scrutinized. We fill in the void of the literature by providing a timely review of various types of black hole remnants, and provide some new thoughts regarding the challenges that black hole remnants face in the context of the information loss paradox and its latest incarnation, namely the firewall controversy. The importance of understanding the role of curvature singularity is also emphasized, after all there remains a possibility that the singularity cannot be cured even by quantum gravity. In this context a black hole remnant conveniently serves as a cosmic censor. We conclude that a remnant remains a possible end state of Hawking evaporation, and if it contains large interior geometry, may help to ameliorate the information loss paradox and the firewall controversy. We hope that this will raise some interests in the community to investigate remnants more critically but also more thoroughly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black hole remnants and the information loss paradox

2015

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“…Consider two entangled particles, separated by a long distance, compared to the same particles but unentangled. If sufficient entanglement gives rise to a wormhole geometry, some weak gravitational effects should arise from small amounts of entanglement, and evidence for this phenomenon can be found in the context of AdS/CFT [17,18,22]. From a different perspective, Jacobson has argued that Einstein's equation can be derived from bulk entanglement under an assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium between infrared and ultraviolet degrees of freedom [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space from Hilbert space: Recovering geometry from bulk entanglement

2017

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We examine how to construct a spatial manifold and its geometry from the entanglement structure of an abstract quantum state in Hilbert space. Given a decomposition of Hilbert space H into a tensor product of factors, we consider a class of "redundancy-constrained states" in H that generalize the area-law behavior for entanglement entropy usually found in condensed-matter systems with gapped local Hamiltonians. Using mutual information to define a distance measure on the graph, we employ classical multidimensional scaling to extract the best-fit spatial dimensionality of the emergent geometry. We then show that entanglement perturbations on such emergent geometries naturally give rise to local modifications of spatial curvature which obey a (spatial) analog of Einstein's equation. The Hilbert space corresponding to a region of flat space is finite-dimensional and scales as the volume, though the entropy (and the maximum change thereof) scales like the area of the boundary. A version of the ER=EPR conjecture is recovered, in that perturbations that entangle distant parts of the emergent geometry generate a configuration that may be considered as a highly quantum wormhole.

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“…While the majority of the attempts were focused on trying to formulate the full theory of a quantised gravity, such as the string theory, loop quantum gravity, non-commutative geometry, and causal set theory, to name a few, a number of recent studies embraced a rather more modest approach by exploring possible consequences of basic features and principles of QM and GR, and their status, in a tentative theory of QG. Acknowledging that the superposition principle, as a defining characteristic of any quantum theory, must be featured in QG as well, led to a number of papers studying gravity-matter entanglement [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], genuine indefinite causal orders [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and quantum reference frames [16][17][18][19], to name a few major research directions. Exploring spatial superpositions of masses, and in general of gravitational fields, led to the analysis of the status of various versions of the equivalence principle, and their exact formulations in the context of QG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%